History of migration
Les 1
There is gonna be a focus on southern low countries
3 vragen:
- Migratiebeweging: vb van bekgie naar vs
- Explain something: wrm gingen ze naar daar (vb: wrm als de low countries zo
aantrekkelijk zijn, ze dan wel weggaan?)
- Een laatste gaat over de concepten, deze gaan uitgelegd moeten worden en er wordt
een voorbeeld van verwacht
Why study migration?
- UN: they have set 17 goals to reach
UN believes that migration is more important than the 17 goals
They believe that migration is a cross cutting issue (that means that het impact
heeft tussen iedereen)
- It has a media attention & political debat
It is so very relevant
Why study migration history
- They say “ongezien”, while it actually vroeger al gebeurd was
- De gesch van migratie is dus belangrijk om te leren van het verleden
What is migration?
- Kijk pp
Concepts:
Immigration: people coming in
Emigration: people moving away (this is a bit of a problem to study: authorities only
schrijven neer wat voor hen interessant is. They don’t pay citizenship for example)
International migration:
Internal migration: migratie binnen in een territory
Rural urban migration: can be over very short distances, they move from country side
to city life (its very different)
Permanent migration
Temporary migration: seasonal migration is een voorbeeld (vb going to work in the
summer (zoals belgen deden in Noord frankrijk in 19de eeuw)
Voluntary migration
Forced migration: people who have to move
Migration history
Kijk dit opnieuw
,I Economic disparities (push-pull)
Psuh: the factors that have pushed people away
- Could be few jobs, war is going on, famine…
Pull: the factors that have pulled people towards a place
- Job opportunities, …
There has to be a balance between pull en push factors
- If you have a lot of push factos, a lot of people gonna leave
Problems:
you can nog explain that selectivity
- For some people it is enough to move, but for others it aint enough to move
Not everyone can take advantage of pull factors in same way
II Social network
Chain migration is an important thing to explain where people go
- They move to places were they have friends and family
- After you have moved, they can support you (psychologische of materiele hulp)
Migration attracks migration
- Friends or family attrackt there friend or family to come to that place
Sometimes you have a connection between specific town and villages of origin and
destination
- Ghent have a connection in a little town in Turkey
- They are relatives or friends and so they came also
Problems with social network model?
- Its not just about friend and relative, its about social networks BUT it also replies to
non personal networks
Vb experts coming to work in brussels (vb in de vub komen werken als
engelsman)
- What matters is migration information: you need to know about the place you are
going to! Already in 15th 16th century there is printed news or rumours. (like the
zuidelijke nederlanden, ze hoorden hoe het eraantoe ging in de noordelijke
nederlanden dus gingen ze daarom weg)
- That explains why there is a conenction between migration and distance
Availability of information (in France zult ge meer horen over de mogelijkheden
dat er zijn in brussel dan in brazilie bv)
Exeption: port cities (because you have very diverse people
, - Still does not explain selectivity
III individual and households caracteristics
Exposure to shock (push) and you have different groups who have had the same shock, maar
voor sommige is het een push factor, voor anderen niet
- Als er famine is, zal het voor labours een reason zijn om te leaven, maar voor boeren
minder aangezien zij nog genoeg produceren
Transferbility of resources
- Labours moeten zeer weinig meenemen, farmers kunnen hun farm of animals niet
meenemen
Investment cost
- You try to see what you will gain and what you will lose
Farmers will have to give up their farm and animals
Labours have less to give up
Differences between individuals within household
- The father migrates to gain money, the mothers stays home to zorg voor de kinderen
- Of gwn dat de vrouw weg wilt en de man niet, dat leidt tot problemen
Combination of factors
- Eg ravenstein: the laws that can explain who would migrate in a situation and who
not
Vb Women are more likely not to migrate exept als het niet ver is
Push pull model, than you look the social networks, in the end you take in to account the
individual and household caracteristics
Les 2
A forgotten chapter (late medieval en 16th century)
- Pas vanaf Jaren 90 kwam history of migration naar boven
- Er wordt vooral gefocust op migratie van 20 en 19de eeuw
Historical context
Bruges
- Becomes interessant because of macro economic evolvements
- Until end of 13th century, the long distant trade happens over lade (champagne
region was important) but it changes.
There is more international warfare (between English and France for example)
Less protection by government
Over land routes and meeting points change to bruges
, - Bruges: ideally situated
Between northern Europe (hanziatic towns: Baltic trading towns)
Very neer by England
The meditterean region
Bruges is in the middle of all this
Bruges has an accessible seaport
- Until the end of 15th century they were the centre of trade
Because politic
- Antwerp becomes the leading commercial city after city
Easy accessible, is situated on the Schelde
Remains well accessible while bruges loses the accessibility, and the things
remain much stable (not like bruges were there are revolts and so)
- Second half 16th century
Antwerp is situated right in frontline of religious war
Foreign merchants leave
1585: fall op Antwerp (they are reconquerd by the catholic forces and the
protestants leave the city, the will go to Amsterdam and Amsterdam will become
the centre of world trade)
Migration circuit
- People move to a certain place with push and pull factors,
Merchants
We don’t have numbers
- Their presence was not recorded by the government
The prince visited the city
- Those merchants participated when he visited
- In 1440:
German Hansa: commercial alliance of citys and towns situated in north Germany
and Balticum and Scandinavia
Look PP
Italy: the import high quality goods ini Europa (like silc) and do financial services
Antwerp
- You see higher numbers
- Antwerp would 100.000 habitants hebben toen; brugge was 100 jaar eerder aan
ongeveer 40.000 (in 1440)
- The merchants waren dus niet met superveel
Types of migration
Les 1
There is gonna be a focus on southern low countries
3 vragen:
- Migratiebeweging: vb van bekgie naar vs
- Explain something: wrm gingen ze naar daar (vb: wrm als de low countries zo
aantrekkelijk zijn, ze dan wel weggaan?)
- Een laatste gaat over de concepten, deze gaan uitgelegd moeten worden en er wordt
een voorbeeld van verwacht
Why study migration?
- UN: they have set 17 goals to reach
UN believes that migration is more important than the 17 goals
They believe that migration is a cross cutting issue (that means that het impact
heeft tussen iedereen)
- It has a media attention & political debat
It is so very relevant
Why study migration history
- They say “ongezien”, while it actually vroeger al gebeurd was
- De gesch van migratie is dus belangrijk om te leren van het verleden
What is migration?
- Kijk pp
Concepts:
Immigration: people coming in
Emigration: people moving away (this is a bit of a problem to study: authorities only
schrijven neer wat voor hen interessant is. They don’t pay citizenship for example)
International migration:
Internal migration: migratie binnen in een territory
Rural urban migration: can be over very short distances, they move from country side
to city life (its very different)
Permanent migration
Temporary migration: seasonal migration is een voorbeeld (vb going to work in the
summer (zoals belgen deden in Noord frankrijk in 19de eeuw)
Voluntary migration
Forced migration: people who have to move
Migration history
Kijk dit opnieuw
,I Economic disparities (push-pull)
Psuh: the factors that have pushed people away
- Could be few jobs, war is going on, famine…
Pull: the factors that have pulled people towards a place
- Job opportunities, …
There has to be a balance between pull en push factors
- If you have a lot of push factos, a lot of people gonna leave
Problems:
you can nog explain that selectivity
- For some people it is enough to move, but for others it aint enough to move
Not everyone can take advantage of pull factors in same way
II Social network
Chain migration is an important thing to explain where people go
- They move to places were they have friends and family
- After you have moved, they can support you (psychologische of materiele hulp)
Migration attracks migration
- Friends or family attrackt there friend or family to come to that place
Sometimes you have a connection between specific town and villages of origin and
destination
- Ghent have a connection in a little town in Turkey
- They are relatives or friends and so they came also
Problems with social network model?
- Its not just about friend and relative, its about social networks BUT it also replies to
non personal networks
Vb experts coming to work in brussels (vb in de vub komen werken als
engelsman)
- What matters is migration information: you need to know about the place you are
going to! Already in 15th 16th century there is printed news or rumours. (like the
zuidelijke nederlanden, ze hoorden hoe het eraantoe ging in de noordelijke
nederlanden dus gingen ze daarom weg)
- That explains why there is a conenction between migration and distance
Availability of information (in France zult ge meer horen over de mogelijkheden
dat er zijn in brussel dan in brazilie bv)
Exeption: port cities (because you have very diverse people
, - Still does not explain selectivity
III individual and households caracteristics
Exposure to shock (push) and you have different groups who have had the same shock, maar
voor sommige is het een push factor, voor anderen niet
- Als er famine is, zal het voor labours een reason zijn om te leaven, maar voor boeren
minder aangezien zij nog genoeg produceren
Transferbility of resources
- Labours moeten zeer weinig meenemen, farmers kunnen hun farm of animals niet
meenemen
Investment cost
- You try to see what you will gain and what you will lose
Farmers will have to give up their farm and animals
Labours have less to give up
Differences between individuals within household
- The father migrates to gain money, the mothers stays home to zorg voor de kinderen
- Of gwn dat de vrouw weg wilt en de man niet, dat leidt tot problemen
Combination of factors
- Eg ravenstein: the laws that can explain who would migrate in a situation and who
not
Vb Women are more likely not to migrate exept als het niet ver is
Push pull model, than you look the social networks, in the end you take in to account the
individual and household caracteristics
Les 2
A forgotten chapter (late medieval en 16th century)
- Pas vanaf Jaren 90 kwam history of migration naar boven
- Er wordt vooral gefocust op migratie van 20 en 19de eeuw
Historical context
Bruges
- Becomes interessant because of macro economic evolvements
- Until end of 13th century, the long distant trade happens over lade (champagne
region was important) but it changes.
There is more international warfare (between English and France for example)
Less protection by government
Over land routes and meeting points change to bruges
, - Bruges: ideally situated
Between northern Europe (hanziatic towns: Baltic trading towns)
Very neer by England
The meditterean region
Bruges is in the middle of all this
Bruges has an accessible seaport
- Until the end of 15th century they were the centre of trade
Because politic
- Antwerp becomes the leading commercial city after city
Easy accessible, is situated on the Schelde
Remains well accessible while bruges loses the accessibility, and the things
remain much stable (not like bruges were there are revolts and so)
- Second half 16th century
Antwerp is situated right in frontline of religious war
Foreign merchants leave
1585: fall op Antwerp (they are reconquerd by the catholic forces and the
protestants leave the city, the will go to Amsterdam and Amsterdam will become
the centre of world trade)
Migration circuit
- People move to a certain place with push and pull factors,
Merchants
We don’t have numbers
- Their presence was not recorded by the government
The prince visited the city
- Those merchants participated when he visited
- In 1440:
German Hansa: commercial alliance of citys and towns situated in north Germany
and Balticum and Scandinavia
Look PP
Italy: the import high quality goods ini Europa (like silc) and do financial services
Antwerp
- You see higher numbers
- Antwerp would 100.000 habitants hebben toen; brugge was 100 jaar eerder aan
ongeveer 40.000 (in 1440)
- The merchants waren dus niet met superveel
Types of migration
