PALS HEARTCODE EXAM 2025
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
A child presents with a barking cough, good air entry during auscultation, a
pulse oximetry reading 93% on room air and retractions at rest. What are
appropriate initial interventions?
consider dexamethasone
administer O2 & nebulized epinepherine
QUESTION 2
Which diagnosis may present with upper airway obstruction?
foreign body obstruction
epiglottitis
croup
QUESTION 3
When may pulse oximetry be inaccurate?
the displayed heart rate does not correlate with the child's heart rate
END OF
PAGE 1
, PALS HEARTCODE EXAM 2025
QUESTION 4
An 8 month old boy is brought to the hospital by his parents. He has a hoarse
cry and barking cough. His mother says that during the night, her son had
difficulty breathing, which has progressively worsened throughout the day.
The infant most likely has what type of respiratory emergency?
upper airway obstruction
QUESTION 5
According to the systematic approach algorithm, what are the correct
assessments to perform during the evaluation phase?
initial, primary, secondary
QUESTION 6
The infant is responsive and is breathing. What is an initial measure that you
can perform to maintain his airway?
Sit him up
END OF
PAGE 2
, PALS HEARTCODE EXAM 2025
QUESTION 7
What are the components of breathing assessment?
lung and airway sounds
chest expansion and air movement oxygen saturation
respiratory rate respiratory effort
QUESTION 8
When calculating the tube size based on the child's age, to avoid injury to the
subglottic area, you should use an endotracheal tube that is:
half a size smaller than predicted for the child
QUESTION 9
Which anatomical features may contribute to upper airway obstruction in
infants?
large tongue
large occiput
END OF
PAGE 3
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
A child presents with a barking cough, good air entry during auscultation, a
pulse oximetry reading 93% on room air and retractions at rest. What are
appropriate initial interventions?
consider dexamethasone
administer O2 & nebulized epinepherine
QUESTION 2
Which diagnosis may present with upper airway obstruction?
foreign body obstruction
epiglottitis
croup
QUESTION 3
When may pulse oximetry be inaccurate?
the displayed heart rate does not correlate with the child's heart rate
END OF
PAGE 1
, PALS HEARTCODE EXAM 2025
QUESTION 4
An 8 month old boy is brought to the hospital by his parents. He has a hoarse
cry and barking cough. His mother says that during the night, her son had
difficulty breathing, which has progressively worsened throughout the day.
The infant most likely has what type of respiratory emergency?
upper airway obstruction
QUESTION 5
According to the systematic approach algorithm, what are the correct
assessments to perform during the evaluation phase?
initial, primary, secondary
QUESTION 6
The infant is responsive and is breathing. What is an initial measure that you
can perform to maintain his airway?
Sit him up
END OF
PAGE 2
, PALS HEARTCODE EXAM 2025
QUESTION 7
What are the components of breathing assessment?
lung and airway sounds
chest expansion and air movement oxygen saturation
respiratory rate respiratory effort
QUESTION 8
When calculating the tube size based on the child's age, to avoid injury to the
subglottic area, you should use an endotracheal tube that is:
half a size smaller than predicted for the child
QUESTION 9
Which anatomical features may contribute to upper airway obstruction in
infants?
large tongue
large occiput
END OF
PAGE 3
