NURB 3050 Exam 3 Prep Questions With
Answers Rated A+.
What are the parts of the conduction system, and what are their intrinsic rates? - Answer - Sinoatrial
node (SA): 60 to 100 bpm
- Atroventricular node (AV): 40 to 60 bpm
- Bundle of HIS
- Purkinje fibers: 15 to 40 bpm
Automaticity - Answer ability of heart cells to spontaneously depolarize and generate an action
potential
• if SA node fails, AV node (40-60bpm) Purkinje fiber (15-40 bpm)
Excitability - Answer Describes ability of cell to respond to an impulse and generate an action potential
Conductivity - Answer The ability to conduct impulses
Depolarization - Answer flow of charges across membrane mixing with opposite charged ions causing
impulse (positive and negative ions moving across cell membrane)
Repolarization - Answer returning to resting state in resting or unexcited state, all positive on one side,
negative on the other) ~ heart is more vulnerable since at resting site
Systole - Answer the period during which the ventricles are contracting (right ventricle contracts to
lungs)
Diastole - Answer the period during which the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood
Preload - Answer Volume of blood it pops out
,Afterload - Answer the pressure it must generate to pump the blood out of the heart
cardiac output - Answer CO = SV x CO
Stoke Volume (SV) - Answer Amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat
Heart Rate (HR) - Answer number of heart beats per minute
The seven p's and what they mean - Answer 1. pistol Shot (acute onset)
2. Pallor (pale)
3. Polar (cold)
4. Pulselessness/without a pulse)
S. Pain
b. Parathesia (tingly -numbness)
7. Paralysis (no movement)
Identify P-Q-R-S-T and be able to identify what is happening at each stage - Answer P wave: SA node
and depolarization of atria
QRS complex: depolarization of ventricles (repolarization of atria)
T wave: repolarization of ventricles
What are the clinical manifestations of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)? - Answer Intermittent
Claudication (crumps, pain, aches)
What is an aneurysm? what are the most common types? - Answer an abnormal localized dilation of a
blood vessel. Can occur in veins or arteries
most common: true aneurysm, false aneurysm, and aoric aneurysm
What is the most common cause of a dissecting aneurysm? - Answer High blood pressure and being
male
, How would the patient with a dissecting aorta present? (clinical manifestations) - Answer •sudden
severe chest or upper back pain, often deschbed as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the
neck or down the back.
• Sudden severe stomach pain
• loss of consciousness
what ions primarily affect the action potentials within the heart - Answer Ca, K, Na
conditons that predispose a patient to heart failure - Answer •hypertension •obesity
•smoking
•Sleep apnea
• MI
• lung disease
•family history •pregnancy
Primary vs secondary Hypertension (HTN) - Answer primary prevention: an intervention implemented
before there is evidence of cardiovascular disease or event
Secondary prevention: an intervention implemented after cardiovascular disease has begun
what is the difference between an ECG and an ECHO? What are we looking at with each diagnostic test?
- Answer •an ECG detects abnormalities in the electrical impulses of the heart.
•echocardiogram uses ultrasound to check for anomalies in the hearts structure.
What are some causes of endothelial dysfunction? - Answer Smoking, aging, hypercholesterolemia
hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a family history of premature atherosclerotic disease
Answers Rated A+.
What are the parts of the conduction system, and what are their intrinsic rates? - Answer - Sinoatrial
node (SA): 60 to 100 bpm
- Atroventricular node (AV): 40 to 60 bpm
- Bundle of HIS
- Purkinje fibers: 15 to 40 bpm
Automaticity - Answer ability of heart cells to spontaneously depolarize and generate an action
potential
• if SA node fails, AV node (40-60bpm) Purkinje fiber (15-40 bpm)
Excitability - Answer Describes ability of cell to respond to an impulse and generate an action potential
Conductivity - Answer The ability to conduct impulses
Depolarization - Answer flow of charges across membrane mixing with opposite charged ions causing
impulse (positive and negative ions moving across cell membrane)
Repolarization - Answer returning to resting state in resting or unexcited state, all positive on one side,
negative on the other) ~ heart is more vulnerable since at resting site
Systole - Answer the period during which the ventricles are contracting (right ventricle contracts to
lungs)
Diastole - Answer the period during which the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood
Preload - Answer Volume of blood it pops out
,Afterload - Answer the pressure it must generate to pump the blood out of the heart
cardiac output - Answer CO = SV x CO
Stoke Volume (SV) - Answer Amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat
Heart Rate (HR) - Answer number of heart beats per minute
The seven p's and what they mean - Answer 1. pistol Shot (acute onset)
2. Pallor (pale)
3. Polar (cold)
4. Pulselessness/without a pulse)
S. Pain
b. Parathesia (tingly -numbness)
7. Paralysis (no movement)
Identify P-Q-R-S-T and be able to identify what is happening at each stage - Answer P wave: SA node
and depolarization of atria
QRS complex: depolarization of ventricles (repolarization of atria)
T wave: repolarization of ventricles
What are the clinical manifestations of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)? - Answer Intermittent
Claudication (crumps, pain, aches)
What is an aneurysm? what are the most common types? - Answer an abnormal localized dilation of a
blood vessel. Can occur in veins or arteries
most common: true aneurysm, false aneurysm, and aoric aneurysm
What is the most common cause of a dissecting aneurysm? - Answer High blood pressure and being
male
, How would the patient with a dissecting aorta present? (clinical manifestations) - Answer •sudden
severe chest or upper back pain, often deschbed as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the
neck or down the back.
• Sudden severe stomach pain
• loss of consciousness
what ions primarily affect the action potentials within the heart - Answer Ca, K, Na
conditons that predispose a patient to heart failure - Answer •hypertension •obesity
•smoking
•Sleep apnea
• MI
• lung disease
•family history •pregnancy
Primary vs secondary Hypertension (HTN) - Answer primary prevention: an intervention implemented
before there is evidence of cardiovascular disease or event
Secondary prevention: an intervention implemented after cardiovascular disease has begun
what is the difference between an ECG and an ECHO? What are we looking at with each diagnostic test?
- Answer •an ECG detects abnormalities in the electrical impulses of the heart.
•echocardiogram uses ultrasound to check for anomalies in the hearts structure.
What are some causes of endothelial dysfunction? - Answer Smoking, aging, hypercholesterolemia
hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a family history of premature atherosclerotic disease
