National Pilates Cert Exam Prep Questions and
Answers
hyaline cartilage - ANSWER Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of
long bones, ribs, and nose
elastic cartilage - ANSWER cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than
hyaline cartilage. EARS
fibro cartilage - ANSWER JOINTS/LIGAMENTS
Ligaments - ANSWER Connect bone to bone
Tendon - ANSWER Connects muscle to bone
fascia - ANSWER a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and
separates muscle. CONNECTIVE TISSUE HOLDING ORGANS, BLOOD VESSEL, NERVE
FIBER, MUSCLES IN PLACE
Muscle functions - ANSWER producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing
joints, generating heat
MUSCLE FUNCTION AGAINST - ANSWER MUSCLE DOING WORK
MUSCLE FUNCTION ANTAGONISTS - ANSWER DOES OPPOSITE ACTION. EX: GLUE MAX
AGAINST FLEXORS
SYNERGIST - ANSWER MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER
, muscle contraction - ANSWER the tensioning of the muscle during shortening
(concentric), lengthening (eccentric), or no motion (isometric)
CONCENTRIC - ANSWER BICEP CURL - MUSCLE SHORTENED
ESSENTRIC - ANSWER LOWERING BICEP CURL. MUSCLE LENGTHENED
lordosis - ANSWER abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back
condition)
kyphosis - ANSWER excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the
back. HUNCHBACK
Swayback - ANSWER common term for lordosis
Hyperlordosis - ANSWER exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature (swayback)
scolisis - ANSWER abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Cobb angle - ANSWER Measured to define scoliosis. > 10° is needed for dx.
vargus deformity - ANSWER BOWLEGGED
vulgus and varus - ANSWER a deformity involving oblique displacement of part of a limb
away from the midline.
Answers
hyaline cartilage - ANSWER Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of
long bones, ribs, and nose
elastic cartilage - ANSWER cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than
hyaline cartilage. EARS
fibro cartilage - ANSWER JOINTS/LIGAMENTS
Ligaments - ANSWER Connect bone to bone
Tendon - ANSWER Connects muscle to bone
fascia - ANSWER a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and
separates muscle. CONNECTIVE TISSUE HOLDING ORGANS, BLOOD VESSEL, NERVE
FIBER, MUSCLES IN PLACE
Muscle functions - ANSWER producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing
joints, generating heat
MUSCLE FUNCTION AGAINST - ANSWER MUSCLE DOING WORK
MUSCLE FUNCTION ANTAGONISTS - ANSWER DOES OPPOSITE ACTION. EX: GLUE MAX
AGAINST FLEXORS
SYNERGIST - ANSWER MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER
, muscle contraction - ANSWER the tensioning of the muscle during shortening
(concentric), lengthening (eccentric), or no motion (isometric)
CONCENTRIC - ANSWER BICEP CURL - MUSCLE SHORTENED
ESSENTRIC - ANSWER LOWERING BICEP CURL. MUSCLE LENGTHENED
lordosis - ANSWER abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back
condition)
kyphosis - ANSWER excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the
back. HUNCHBACK
Swayback - ANSWER common term for lordosis
Hyperlordosis - ANSWER exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature (swayback)
scolisis - ANSWER abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Cobb angle - ANSWER Measured to define scoliosis. > 10° is needed for dx.
vargus deformity - ANSWER BOWLEGGED
vulgus and varus - ANSWER a deformity involving oblique displacement of part of a limb
away from the midline.
