Spy 120 Exam 2 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100% ANSWERS
GRADED 1A
circumplex model of emotions - holds that all emotions can be described in terms of valence and
arousal; valence refers to whether the emotion is positive or negative and arousal refers to how calm
or exciting the emotion is
palmar reflex - an innate reflex whereby babies will grasp anything that enters the palm of its hands
homeostasis - a state of internal equilibrium or balance
balance theory - holds that humans are motivated to maintain consistency amongst their thoughts
(e.g., their attitudes) even if it requires them to adjust their cognitions
operant conditioning - a form of learning that occurs through the learned association of behavior to
punishment or reward
androgens - hormones that are produced primarily in the testes and are found in much higher
quantities in men than in women; an example includes testosterone
attitude - a positive or negative evaluation of something; tends to involve less physical arousal than
either emotions or moods
extrinsic reward - a pleasurable experience or reward that is experienced following an activity, but is
separate from the activity itself (e.g., getting a good grade after studying hard for a test)
high road, low road theory of emotion - holds that there are two paths to emotion; the high road
path involves the cerebral cortex and is necessary for complicated emotions that require conscious
awareness; the low road path bypasses the cerebral cortex and produces extremely quick and
relatively simple emotional reactions
instinct theory - holds that all motivation is a product of instincts
competence - one component of self-determination theory; to fell as though one is good at what one
does, or at least feel as though one is getting better at those activities
GRADED 1A
circumplex model of emotions - holds that all emotions can be described in terms of valence and
arousal; valence refers to whether the emotion is positive or negative and arousal refers to how calm
or exciting the emotion is
palmar reflex - an innate reflex whereby babies will grasp anything that enters the palm of its hands
homeostasis - a state of internal equilibrium or balance
balance theory - holds that humans are motivated to maintain consistency amongst their thoughts
(e.g., their attitudes) even if it requires them to adjust their cognitions
operant conditioning - a form of learning that occurs through the learned association of behavior to
punishment or reward
androgens - hormones that are produced primarily in the testes and are found in much higher
quantities in men than in women; an example includes testosterone
attitude - a positive or negative evaluation of something; tends to involve less physical arousal than
either emotions or moods
extrinsic reward - a pleasurable experience or reward that is experienced following an activity, but is
separate from the activity itself (e.g., getting a good grade after studying hard for a test)
high road, low road theory of emotion - holds that there are two paths to emotion; the high road
path involves the cerebral cortex and is necessary for complicated emotions that require conscious
awareness; the low road path bypasses the cerebral cortex and produces extremely quick and
relatively simple emotional reactions
instinct theory - holds that all motivation is a product of instincts
competence - one component of self-determination theory; to fell as though one is good at what one
does, or at least feel as though one is getting better at those activities
