TEST BANK OF NURSING RESEARCH GENERATING AND
ASSESSING 2024-2025
General Systems Theory - Answer-The complexity of a system interacting with the
changing environment; the relationship of the parts of the whole contributes to the
organization and complexity of the system.
System - Answer-Set of components or units interacting with each other [Ex: family]
Subsystem - Answer-Units of a system [Ex: individual member of family]
Suprasystem - Answer-System and the environment [Ex: the community]
Open system - Answer-Boundaries are partially permeable so there is a free exchange
of matter/energy/ information; there is an ability to build up and break down [Ex: humans
have this system which is why nurses have the ability to promote health]
Closed system - Answer-Boundaries are impermeable so that energy is unable to enter
and exit; eventually the energy is used up and the system becomes disorganized. [Ex: a
rock can absorb moisture and freezes]
input - Answer-Any type of info, energy or matter that enters the system from the
environment through its boundaries.
Output - Answer-Any information, energy or matter that leaves the system and enters
the environment through the system's boundaries
Throughput - Answer-Process that allows to be changed so that it is used to the system;
it is the internal process that makes matter, energy, information useful to the system
Positive feedback - Answer-Part of systems output is returned to the system as
information and moves the system away from homeostasis; contributes to change with
the goal of improving the system
Negative feedback - Answer-Output returned to system to correct alterations to provide
stability or no change in pattern.
Boundaries - Answer-Physical or abstract lines that separate the system from the
surrounding environment [Ex: the person's skin]
Hierarchy - Answer-The system has one or more subsystems and suprasystems; higher
levels contains the lower levels.
Equifinality - Answer-Same final state may be reached from different initial conditions
and in different ways.
ASSESSING 2024-2025
General Systems Theory - Answer-The complexity of a system interacting with the
changing environment; the relationship of the parts of the whole contributes to the
organization and complexity of the system.
System - Answer-Set of components or units interacting with each other [Ex: family]
Subsystem - Answer-Units of a system [Ex: individual member of family]
Suprasystem - Answer-System and the environment [Ex: the community]
Open system - Answer-Boundaries are partially permeable so there is a free exchange
of matter/energy/ information; there is an ability to build up and break down [Ex: humans
have this system which is why nurses have the ability to promote health]
Closed system - Answer-Boundaries are impermeable so that energy is unable to enter
and exit; eventually the energy is used up and the system becomes disorganized. [Ex: a
rock can absorb moisture and freezes]
input - Answer-Any type of info, energy or matter that enters the system from the
environment through its boundaries.
Output - Answer-Any information, energy or matter that leaves the system and enters
the environment through the system's boundaries
Throughput - Answer-Process that allows to be changed so that it is used to the system;
it is the internal process that makes matter, energy, information useful to the system
Positive feedback - Answer-Part of systems output is returned to the system as
information and moves the system away from homeostasis; contributes to change with
the goal of improving the system
Negative feedback - Answer-Output returned to system to correct alterations to provide
stability or no change in pattern.
Boundaries - Answer-Physical or abstract lines that separate the system from the
surrounding environment [Ex: the person's skin]
Hierarchy - Answer-The system has one or more subsystems and suprasystems; higher
levels contains the lower levels.
Equifinality - Answer-Same final state may be reached from different initial conditions
and in different ways.
