,Anthropology: .Appreciating .Human .Diversity, .18e .(Kottak)
.Chapter .1 . What .is .Anthropology?
1) What .is .anthropology?
A) the .art .of .ethnography
B) the .study .of .long-term .physiological .adaptation
C) the .study .of .the .stages .of .social .evolution
D) the .humanistic .investigation .of .myths .in .nonindustrial .societies
E) the .study .of .humans .around .the .world .and .through .time
Answer: . E
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
2) A .holistic .and .comparative .perspective
A) makes .general .anthropology .superior .to .sociocultural .anthropology.
B) refers .only .to .the .cultural .aspects .of .human .diversity .that .anthropologists .study.
C) makes .anthropology .an .interesting .field .of .study, .but .too .broad .of .one .to .apply .to
.real .problems .people .face .today.
D) most .characterizes .anthropology .when .compared .to .other .disciplines .that .study .humans.
E) is .the .hallmark .of .all .social .sciences, .not .just .anthropology.
Answer: . D
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
3) As .humans .organize .their .lives .and .adapt .to .different .environments, .our .abilities .to
.learn, .think .symbolically, .use .language, .and .employ .tools .and .other .products
A) rest .on .certain .features .of .human .biology .that .make .culture .itself .a .biological .phenomenon.
B) have .made .some .human .groups .more .cultured .than .others.
C) prove .that .only .fully .developed .adults .have .the .capacity .for .culture; .children .lack .the
.capacity .for .culture .until .they .mature.
D) rest .on .certain .features .of .human .biology .that .make .culture, .which .is .not .itself
.biological, .possible.
E) are .shared .with .other .animals .capable .of .organized .group .life—such .as .baboons, .wolves,
.and .even .ants.
Answer: . D
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
,4) Which .of .the .following .statements .about .culture .is .FALSE?
A) Culture .is .a .key .aspect .of .human .adaptability .and .success.
B) Culture .is .passed .on .genetically .to .future .generations.
C) Cultural .forces .consistently .mold .and .shape .human .biology .and .behavior.
D) Culture .guides .the .beliefs .and .behavior .of .the .people .exposed .to .it.
E) Culture .is .passed .on .from .generation .to .generation.
Answer: . B
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
5) What .is .the .process .by .which .children .learn .a .particular .cultural .tradition?
A) acculturation
B) ethnology
C) enculturation
D) ethnography
E) biological .adaptation
Answer: . C
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
6) This .chapter's .description .of .how .humans .cope .with .low .oxygen .pressure .in .high
.altitudes .illustrates
A) human .capacities .for .cultural .and .biological .adaptation, .the .latter .involving .both .genetic
.and .physiological .adaptations.
B) how .biological .adaptations .are .effective .only .when .they .are .genetic.
C) how .human .plasticity .has .decreased .ever .since .we .embraced .a .sedentary .lifestyle
.some .10,000 .years .ago.
D) how .in .matters .of .life .or .death, .biology .is .ultimately .more .important .than .culture.
E) the .need .for .anthropologists .to .pay .more .attention .to .human .adaptation .in
.extreme .environments.
Answer: . A
Topic: . Types .of .human .adaptation
Learning .Objective: . Explain .the .significance .of .the .four .primary .types .of .human .adaptation.
.Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
, 7) The .presence .of .more .efficient .respiratory .systems .to .extract .oxygen .from .the .air
.among .human .populations .living .at .high .elevations .is .an .example .of .which .form .of
.adaptation?
A) short-term .physiological .adaptation
B) cultural .adaptation
C) symbolic .adaptation
D) genetic .adaptation
E) long-term .physiological .adaptation
Answer: . E
Topic: . Types .of .human .adaptation
Learning .Objective: . Explain .the .significance .of .the .four .primary .types .of .human .adaptation.
.Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
8) Over .time, .humans .have .become .increasingly .dependent .on .which .of .the .following .in .order
.to .cope .with .the .range .of .environments .they .have .occupied .in .time .and .space?
A) cultural .means .of .adaptation
B) biological .means .of .adaptation, .mostly .thanks .to .advanced .medical .research
C) a .holistic .and .comparative .approach .to .problem .solving
D) social .institutions, .such .as .the .state, .that .coordinate .collective .action
E) technological .means .of .adaptation, .such .as .the .creation .of .virtual .worlds .that .allow .us
.to .escape .from .day-to-day .reality
Answer: . A
Topic: . Types .of .human .adaptation
Learning .Objective: . Explain .the .significance .of .the .four .primary .types .of .human .adaptation.
.Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
9) Today's .global .economy .and .communications .link .all .contemporary .people, .directly .or
.indirectly, .in .the .modern .world .system. .People .must .now .cope .with .forces .generated .by
.progressively .larger .systems—the .region, .the .nation, .and .the .world. .For .anthropologists
.studying .contemporary .forms .of .adaptation, .why .might .this .be .a .challenge?
A) Truly .isolated .indigenous .communities, .anthropology's .traditional .and .ongoing .study
.focus, .are .becoming .harder .to .find.
B) According .to .Marcus .and .Fischer .(1986), ."The .cultures .of .world .peoples .need .to .be
.constantly .rediscovered .as .these .people .reinvent .them .in .changing .historical
.circumstances."
C) A .more .dynamic .world .system, .with .greater .and .faster .movements .of .people .across
.space, .speeds .up .the .process .of .evolution, .making .the .study .of .genetic .adaptations .more
.difficult.
D) Anthropological .research .tools .do .not .work .in .this .new .modern .world .system, .making
.their .contributions .less .valuable.
E) Since .cultures .are .tied .to .place, .people .moving .around .and .connecting .across .space .means
.the .end .of .culture, .and .thus .the .end .of .anthropology.
Answer: . B
Topic: . Types .of .human .adaptation
.Chapter .1 . What .is .Anthropology?
1) What .is .anthropology?
A) the .art .of .ethnography
B) the .study .of .long-term .physiological .adaptation
C) the .study .of .the .stages .of .social .evolution
D) the .humanistic .investigation .of .myths .in .nonindustrial .societies
E) the .study .of .humans .around .the .world .and .through .time
Answer: . E
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
2) A .holistic .and .comparative .perspective
A) makes .general .anthropology .superior .to .sociocultural .anthropology.
B) refers .only .to .the .cultural .aspects .of .human .diversity .that .anthropologists .study.
C) makes .anthropology .an .interesting .field .of .study, .but .too .broad .of .one .to .apply .to
.real .problems .people .face .today.
D) most .characterizes .anthropology .when .compared .to .other .disciplines .that .study .humans.
E) is .the .hallmark .of .all .social .sciences, .not .just .anthropology.
Answer: . D
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
3) As .humans .organize .their .lives .and .adapt .to .different .environments, .our .abilities .to
.learn, .think .symbolically, .use .language, .and .employ .tools .and .other .products
A) rest .on .certain .features .of .human .biology .that .make .culture .itself .a .biological .phenomenon.
B) have .made .some .human .groups .more .cultured .than .others.
C) prove .that .only .fully .developed .adults .have .the .capacity .for .culture; .children .lack .the
.capacity .for .culture .until .they .mature.
D) rest .on .certain .features .of .human .biology .that .make .culture, .which .is .not .itself
.biological, .possible.
E) are .shared .with .other .animals .capable .of .organized .group .life—such .as .baboons, .wolves,
.and .even .ants.
Answer: . D
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
,4) Which .of .the .following .statements .about .culture .is .FALSE?
A) Culture .is .a .key .aspect .of .human .adaptability .and .success.
B) Culture .is .passed .on .genetically .to .future .generations.
C) Cultural .forces .consistently .mold .and .shape .human .biology .and .behavior.
D) Culture .guides .the .beliefs .and .behavior .of .the .people .exposed .to .it.
E) Culture .is .passed .on .from .generation .to .generation.
Answer: . B
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
5) What .is .the .process .by .which .children .learn .a .particular .cultural .tradition?
A) acculturation
B) ethnology
C) enculturation
D) ethnography
E) biological .adaptation
Answer: . C
Topic: . Defining .anthropology
Learning .Objective: . Explain .what .is .meant .by .the .statement .that .anthropology .is .the .holistic
.and .comparative .study .of .humanity.
Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
6) This .chapter's .description .of .how .humans .cope .with .low .oxygen .pressure .in .high
.altitudes .illustrates
A) human .capacities .for .cultural .and .biological .adaptation, .the .latter .involving .both .genetic
.and .physiological .adaptations.
B) how .biological .adaptations .are .effective .only .when .they .are .genetic.
C) how .human .plasticity .has .decreased .ever .since .we .embraced .a .sedentary .lifestyle
.some .10,000 .years .ago.
D) how .in .matters .of .life .or .death, .biology .is .ultimately .more .important .than .culture.
E) the .need .for .anthropologists .to .pay .more .attention .to .human .adaptation .in
.extreme .environments.
Answer: . A
Topic: . Types .of .human .adaptation
Learning .Objective: . Explain .the .significance .of .the .four .primary .types .of .human .adaptation.
.Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
, 7) The .presence .of .more .efficient .respiratory .systems .to .extract .oxygen .from .the .air
.among .human .populations .living .at .high .elevations .is .an .example .of .which .form .of
.adaptation?
A) short-term .physiological .adaptation
B) cultural .adaptation
C) symbolic .adaptation
D) genetic .adaptation
E) long-term .physiological .adaptation
Answer: . E
Topic: . Types .of .human .adaptation
Learning .Objective: . Explain .the .significance .of .the .four .primary .types .of .human .adaptation.
.Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
8) Over .time, .humans .have .become .increasingly .dependent .on .which .of .the .following .in .order
.to .cope .with .the .range .of .environments .they .have .occupied .in .time .and .space?
A) cultural .means .of .adaptation
B) biological .means .of .adaptation, .mostly .thanks .to .advanced .medical .research
C) a .holistic .and .comparative .approach .to .problem .solving
D) social .institutions, .such .as .the .state, .that .coordinate .collective .action
E) technological .means .of .adaptation, .such .as .the .creation .of .virtual .worlds .that .allow .us
.to .escape .from .day-to-day .reality
Answer: . A
Topic: . Types .of .human .adaptation
Learning .Objective: . Explain .the .significance .of .the .four .primary .types .of .human .adaptation.
.Accessibility: . Keyboard .Navigation
9) Today's .global .economy .and .communications .link .all .contemporary .people, .directly .or
.indirectly, .in .the .modern .world .system. .People .must .now .cope .with .forces .generated .by
.progressively .larger .systems—the .region, .the .nation, .and .the .world. .For .anthropologists
.studying .contemporary .forms .of .adaptation, .why .might .this .be .a .challenge?
A) Truly .isolated .indigenous .communities, .anthropology's .traditional .and .ongoing .study
.focus, .are .becoming .harder .to .find.
B) According .to .Marcus .and .Fischer .(1986), ."The .cultures .of .world .peoples .need .to .be
.constantly .rediscovered .as .these .people .reinvent .them .in .changing .historical
.circumstances."
C) A .more .dynamic .world .system, .with .greater .and .faster .movements .of .people .across
.space, .speeds .up .the .process .of .evolution, .making .the .study .of .genetic .adaptations .more
.difficult.
D) Anthropological .research .tools .do .not .work .in .this .new .modern .world .system, .making
.their .contributions .less .valuable.
E) Since .cultures .are .tied .to .place, .people .moving .around .and .connecting .across .space .means
.the .end .of .culture, .and .thus .the .end .of .anthropology.
Answer: . B
Topic: . Types .of .human .adaptation
