Copyrightc2018cCengagecLearning.cAllcRightscReserved.cMaycnotcbeccopied,cscanned,corcduplicated,cincwholecorcincpart.c WCNc02-200-203
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Principles of c
Information Systems c
Ralph M. Stair
c c
ProfessorcEmeritus,cFloridacStatecUniversity
George W. Reynolds
c c
Instructor,cStrayercUniversity
Australiac •c Brazilc •c Mexicoc •c Singaporec •c Unitedc Kingdomc •c Unitedc States
Copyrightc2018cCengagecLearning.cAllcRightscReserved.cMaycnotcbeccopied,cscanned,corcduplicated,cincwholecorcincpart.c WCNc02-
200-203
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PrinciplescofcInformationcSystems,cThirtee ©c2018,c 2016cCengagec Learning
nthcEdition
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RalphcM.cStairc&cGeorgecW.cReynolds
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Copyrightc2018cCengagecLearning.cAllcRightscReserved.cMaycnotcbeccopied,cscanned,corcduplicated,cincwholecorcincpart.c WCNc02-
200-203
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—cR M$
Tocmycgrandchildren:cMichael,cJacob,cJared,cFievel,cAubr
ey,cElijah,cAbrielle,c$ofia,cElliot,c$erena,candcKendall
—cG WR c
Copyrightc2018cCengagecLearning.cAllcRightscReserved.cMaycnotcbeccopied,cscanned,corcduplicated,cincwholecorcincpart.c WCNc02-
200-203
,Thirteenth Edition c
Principles of c
Information Systems c
Ralph M. Stair
c c
ProfessorcEmeritus,cFloridacStatecUniversity
George W. Reynolds
c c
Instructor,cStrayercUniversity
Australiac •c Brazilc •c Mexicoc •c Singaporec •c Unitedc Kingdomc •c Unitedc States
Copyrightc2018cCengagecLearning.cAllcRightscReserved.cMaycnotcbeccopied,cscanned,corcduplicated,cincwholecorcincpart.c WCNc02-
200-203
, c
PrinciplescofcInformationcSystems,cThirtee ©c2018,c 2016cCengagec Learning
nthcEdition
ALLcRIGHTScRESERVED.cNocpartcofcthiscworkccoveredcbyctheccopyrightchereinc
RalphcM.cStairc&cGeorgecW.cReynolds
maycbecreproducedcorcdistributedcincanycformcorcbycanycmeans,cexceptcascpe
VicecPresident,cGeneralcManager,cScience,cTe rmittedcbycU.S.ccopyrightclaw,cwithoutcthecpriorcwrittencpermissioncofctheccop
chnologycandcMath:cBalrajcKalsi yrightcowner.
SeniorcProductcDirector:cKathleencMcMahon
Forcproductcinformationcandctechnologycassistance,ccontactcuscat
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CengagecLearningcCustomerc&cSalescSupport,c1-800-354-9706
ProductcTeamcManager:cKristincMcNarycAss
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Forcpermissionctocusecmaterialcfromcthisctextcorcproduct,csu
ociatecProductcManager:cKatecMasoncSeniorc bmitcallcrequestsconlinecatcwww.cengage.com/permissionscF
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Director,cDevelopment:cJuliacCaballerocConte
ntcDevelopmentcManager:cLeighcHefferoncAsso
ciatecContentcDeveloper:cJonathancGross
LibrarycofcCongresscControlcNumber:c2016941569
SeniorcContentcDeveloper:cMichellecRueloscC
annistraci ISBN:c 978-1-305-97177-6
ArtcandcCovercDirection,cProductioncMan
agement,candcComposition:cLuminacD CengagecLearning
atamatics,cInc. 20cChannelcCentercStreet
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IntellectualcPropertycAnalyst:cBrittanicMorgan
USA
ProjectcManager:cKathycKucharekcManufa
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cturingcPlanner:cRoncMontgomery
CengagecLearningciscacleadingcprovidercofccustomizedclearningcsolutionscwit
CovercImage(s):ceverythingcpossible/cShutters hcemployeescresidingcincnearlyc40cdifferentccountriescandcsalescin
tock.com morecthanc125ccountriescaroundcthecworld.cFindcyourclocalcrepresentativecat
www.cengage.com
CengagecLearningcproductscarecrepresentedcincCanadacbycNelsoncEducation,cLtd.cT
oclearncmorecaboutcCengagecLearningcSolutions,cvisitcwww.cengage.com
Purchasecanycofcourcproductscatcyourclocalccollegecstorecorcatcourcpreferredconl
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Copyrightc2018cCengagecLearning.cAllcRightscReserved.cMaycnotcbeccopied,cscanned,corcduplicated,cincwholecorcincpart.c WCNc02-
200-203
, Forc Lilac andc Leslie
—cR M$
Tocmycgrandchildren:cMichael,cJacob,cJared,cFievel,cAubr
ey,cElijah,cAbrielle,c$ofia,cElliot,c$erena,candcKendall
—cG WR c
Copyrightc2018cCengagecLearning.cAllcRightscReserved.cMaycnotcbeccopied,cscanned,corcduplicated,cincwholecorcincpart.c WCNc02-
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