PHCL 4003 Exams questions answers
with solutions 2025
Which of the following statements concerning the normal flora is accurate?
A. Normal flora is composed of a fairly stable set of genera.
B. Normal flora could influence the susceptibility to pathogens.
C. Normal flora could influence human anatomy and physiology.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER D
Which of the following statements concerning bacteriostatic drugs is accurate?
A. Bacteriostatic drugs directly kill bacterial cells.
B. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial reproduction/growth.
C. Bacteriostatic drugs stimulate host's immune system.
D. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER B
Which of the following drugs is one of first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs?
A. Streptomycin
B. Isoniazid
C. Kanamycin
D. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
E. Amikacin - ANSWER B
Which of the following drugs is considered the safest drug?
A. A drug with the therapeutic index (TI) of 1000.
B. A drug with the TI of 100.
, C. A drug with the TI of 10.
D. A drug with the TI of 1.
E. The TI cannot be used as an indicator of drug safety. - ANSWER A
Which of the following statements concerning the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
is accurate?
A. The lowest concentration of an antibacterial drug required for inhibiting the growth of
bacterial pathogens.
B. The lowest concentration of an antibacterial drug required for killing bacterial pathogens.
C. The lowest concentration of an antibacterial drug required for inhibiting the growth of host
cells
D. The lowest concentration of an antibacterial drug required for killing host cells.
E. None of the above - ANSWER A
What is the main consequence of the up-regulation of an efflux pump(s) in bacterial pathogens?
A. Production of an antibiotic.
B. Loss of natural resistance.
C. Increase in the uptake of antibacterial drugs.
D. Development of multi-drug resistance.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER D
Which of the following statements concerning 'plasmid conjugation' is accurate?
A. Plasmid conjugation is initiated by the exposure to a drug.
B. Plasmid conjugation may occur in the absence of drug treatment.
C. Plasmid conjugation integrates a drug-resistance gene into the chromosome.
D. Plasmid conjugation occurs only among Gram-negative bacteria.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER B
with solutions 2025
Which of the following statements concerning the normal flora is accurate?
A. Normal flora is composed of a fairly stable set of genera.
B. Normal flora could influence the susceptibility to pathogens.
C. Normal flora could influence human anatomy and physiology.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER D
Which of the following statements concerning bacteriostatic drugs is accurate?
A. Bacteriostatic drugs directly kill bacterial cells.
B. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial reproduction/growth.
C. Bacteriostatic drugs stimulate host's immune system.
D. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER B
Which of the following drugs is one of first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs?
A. Streptomycin
B. Isoniazid
C. Kanamycin
D. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
E. Amikacin - ANSWER B
Which of the following drugs is considered the safest drug?
A. A drug with the therapeutic index (TI) of 1000.
B. A drug with the TI of 100.
, C. A drug with the TI of 10.
D. A drug with the TI of 1.
E. The TI cannot be used as an indicator of drug safety. - ANSWER A
Which of the following statements concerning the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
is accurate?
A. The lowest concentration of an antibacterial drug required for inhibiting the growth of
bacterial pathogens.
B. The lowest concentration of an antibacterial drug required for killing bacterial pathogens.
C. The lowest concentration of an antibacterial drug required for inhibiting the growth of host
cells
D. The lowest concentration of an antibacterial drug required for killing host cells.
E. None of the above - ANSWER A
What is the main consequence of the up-regulation of an efflux pump(s) in bacterial pathogens?
A. Production of an antibiotic.
B. Loss of natural resistance.
C. Increase in the uptake of antibacterial drugs.
D. Development of multi-drug resistance.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER D
Which of the following statements concerning 'plasmid conjugation' is accurate?
A. Plasmid conjugation is initiated by the exposure to a drug.
B. Plasmid conjugation may occur in the absence of drug treatment.
C. Plasmid conjugation integrates a drug-resistance gene into the chromosome.
D. Plasmid conjugation occurs only among Gram-negative bacteria.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER B
