Zoology Exam 1. Ch. 1-4 Questions
with Latest Update
21. Using Darwin's finches, explain the concept of adaptive radiation. In what
habitats can you more easily study adaptive radiation? - Answer-In Darwin's study
about finches different types of finches adapted to the area filling an ecological
niche.
An island that is ecological new to the species and geographically separated from
the ancestral species.
. With the aid of your lecture notes and the textbook, explain the main differences
between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. - Answer-GRADUALISM- Belief
that change in organisms happens in small incremental steps over long periods of
time. Changes are always occurring due to competition.
PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM- Believes evolutionary processes can occur fairly
rapidly. Typically 10,000- to 100,000 yrs. With periods of Evolutionary stability in
between.
Know the five major observations associated with the theory of natural selection
starting on page 12 and their inferences. We didn't go over this much in class,
however they are clearly defined in your text. - Answer-Organisms have high
reproductive capabilities
Natural populations remain fairly constant.
Natural resources are limited.
Individuals vary within a population.
Variation is a heritable.
. What is neo-Darwinism? How does it differ from Darwin's original theory? - Answer-
Refers to the 'modernization theory' of Darwin's theory -- mainly taking in account of
genetics. It takes into account genotype.
25. Explain the difference between Microevolution and Macroevolution. - Answer-
Microevolution- Looks at the genetic change in a population
Macroevolution- Large scale evolutionary patterns that occur over long periods of
time.
When thinking of microevolution, what are the outside forces of evolutionary
change? - Answer-Mutations- naturally occuring, can be negative or positive.
Genetic drift- the genetic variation in a small population.
Gene flow/ migration- Movement of alleles from one population to another. More (or
less) for mating and reproduction.
Natural selection-Drives evolution by species producing more offspring and adapting
to their environment.
What is Orthogeneis? - Answer-Concept that natural selection could drive a trait to
become non-adaptive and harmful to an organism.
, Define polymorphism. - Answer-Refers to the different allele forms of a gene in the
population, which can lead to more than one subspecies.
Explain the difference between stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection. -
Answer-Stabilizing selection- selects against extreme ends.
Directional Selection- Selects against one extreme end to the other extreme end.
(left to right)
Disruptive selection- Selects against moderate traits and favors extreme ends.
How many mass extinctions have occurred according to the geologic record (see
figure 1.34 page 37)? Which of these mass extinctions was the most cataclysmic?
Which mass extinction resulted in the end of the dinosaurs? - Answer-five mass
extinctions
Permian extinction
Cretaceous extinction
2. What individual was the first to classify organisms on the basis of structural
similarities? Who was the first individual to introduce a more modern definition of a
species? Note this is different than the question below! - Answer-Aristotle- Animal,
plant, mineral.
John ray advanced the definition of species and was the first to use grouping.
3. Who developed the modern system of classification? What was the name of the
book published by this individual? - Answer-Carolus Linnaeus (1708-1778)
System Naturae- Developed the hierarchical system and "linnaean hierarchy"
Still stands today, but slightly modified.
What is meant by a hierarchical system of classification? Within this system what is a
taxon? - Answer-A system arranging organisms in groups of increasing
inclusiveness.
Basically each major group of organisms.
List the seven mandatory ranks for the animal kingdom in descending order. What is
the ranking directly below species? - Answer-Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Sub-species
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7. Explain what is meant by binomial nomenclature. Give the general rules that apply
when using the genus and/or species epithet. What "names" are used in trinomial
nomenclature; in quadrinomial nomenclature? Why do we use binomial
nomenclature, and why should it be in latin? - Answer-Binomial nomenclature is
naming organisms with a two part name.
with Latest Update
21. Using Darwin's finches, explain the concept of adaptive radiation. In what
habitats can you more easily study adaptive radiation? - Answer-In Darwin's study
about finches different types of finches adapted to the area filling an ecological
niche.
An island that is ecological new to the species and geographically separated from
the ancestral species.
. With the aid of your lecture notes and the textbook, explain the main differences
between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. - Answer-GRADUALISM- Belief
that change in organisms happens in small incremental steps over long periods of
time. Changes are always occurring due to competition.
PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM- Believes evolutionary processes can occur fairly
rapidly. Typically 10,000- to 100,000 yrs. With periods of Evolutionary stability in
between.
Know the five major observations associated with the theory of natural selection
starting on page 12 and their inferences. We didn't go over this much in class,
however they are clearly defined in your text. - Answer-Organisms have high
reproductive capabilities
Natural populations remain fairly constant.
Natural resources are limited.
Individuals vary within a population.
Variation is a heritable.
. What is neo-Darwinism? How does it differ from Darwin's original theory? - Answer-
Refers to the 'modernization theory' of Darwin's theory -- mainly taking in account of
genetics. It takes into account genotype.
25. Explain the difference between Microevolution and Macroevolution. - Answer-
Microevolution- Looks at the genetic change in a population
Macroevolution- Large scale evolutionary patterns that occur over long periods of
time.
When thinking of microevolution, what are the outside forces of evolutionary
change? - Answer-Mutations- naturally occuring, can be negative or positive.
Genetic drift- the genetic variation in a small population.
Gene flow/ migration- Movement of alleles from one population to another. More (or
less) for mating and reproduction.
Natural selection-Drives evolution by species producing more offspring and adapting
to their environment.
What is Orthogeneis? - Answer-Concept that natural selection could drive a trait to
become non-adaptive and harmful to an organism.
, Define polymorphism. - Answer-Refers to the different allele forms of a gene in the
population, which can lead to more than one subspecies.
Explain the difference between stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection. -
Answer-Stabilizing selection- selects against extreme ends.
Directional Selection- Selects against one extreme end to the other extreme end.
(left to right)
Disruptive selection- Selects against moderate traits and favors extreme ends.
How many mass extinctions have occurred according to the geologic record (see
figure 1.34 page 37)? Which of these mass extinctions was the most cataclysmic?
Which mass extinction resulted in the end of the dinosaurs? - Answer-five mass
extinctions
Permian extinction
Cretaceous extinction
2. What individual was the first to classify organisms on the basis of structural
similarities? Who was the first individual to introduce a more modern definition of a
species? Note this is different than the question below! - Answer-Aristotle- Animal,
plant, mineral.
John ray advanced the definition of species and was the first to use grouping.
3. Who developed the modern system of classification? What was the name of the
book published by this individual? - Answer-Carolus Linnaeus (1708-1778)
System Naturae- Developed the hierarchical system and "linnaean hierarchy"
Still stands today, but slightly modified.
What is meant by a hierarchical system of classification? Within this system what is a
taxon? - Answer-A system arranging organisms in groups of increasing
inclusiveness.
Basically each major group of organisms.
List the seven mandatory ranks for the animal kingdom in descending order. What is
the ranking directly below species? - Answer-Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Sub-species
Kings Play Chess On Fine Glass Sets
7. Explain what is meant by binomial nomenclature. Give the general rules that apply
when using the genus and/or species epithet. What "names" are used in trinomial
nomenclature; in quadrinomial nomenclature? Why do we use binomial
nomenclature, and why should it be in latin? - Answer-Binomial nomenclature is
naming organisms with a two part name.
