NUR 113 YEAR 2025/2026 EXAM GRADED A+ (QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT)
what is the function of estrogen - -development of female characteristics
-helps uterus grow and weight during pregnancy
what is the function of progesterone - -secreted by corpus luteum
-"maintenance" hormone during pregnancy
-can help w lactation
-keeps uterus relaxed so it doesn’t contract while implantation is occurring
-prevents preterm labour
what is an ectopic pregnancy - when the egg does not get to the uterus and gets fertilized in the
fallopian tubes
how to dissolve fertilized egg during a ectopic pregnancy - admin methotrexate
what happens during days 1-7 of the menstrual cycle - lining breaks down, menstruation occurs
what happens during days 8-11 of the menstrual cycle - lining of womb thickens in prep for egg
what happens during days 12-17 of the menstrual cycle - ovulation occurs, pregnancy most possible
what happens during days 18-25 of the menstrual cycle - if no fertilization, corpus luteum fades away
what is gravidity - number of pregnancies
what is nulligravida - never been pregnant
what is primigravida - first pregnancy
what is multigravida - 2 or more pregnancies
,what is parity - number of pregnancy where foetus got to 20 weeks (no matter outcome)
what is nullipara - no pregnancy that goes beyond viability
what is primipara - 1 pregnancy that goes beyond viability
what is multipara - 2 or more pregnancies that goes beyond viability
what is viability - past 20 weeks or at 500 grams
what is GTPAL - G- # of pregnancies
T- # of full term (>37 weeks)
P- # of preterm (20-36 weeks)
A- # of abortions
L- # of living children
what is Nagele's rule - -how to determine due date from LMP
+7 days
-3 months
+1 year
how to calculate EDB if LMP is unknown - transvaginal ultrasound
what can transvaginal ultrasounds determine - -expected due date
-verifies fatal heartbeat and status of pregnancy
-location
-can tell if multiple
-looks for abnormalities
-usually done at first prenatal confirmation visit
,what is the most accurate measurement of gestational age in the first trimester - within the
ultrasound, they measure the CRL (crown/rump length)
what are the presumptive signs of pregnancy - -felt by the *women*
-amenorrhea
-N/V
-morning sickness
-extreme fatigue
-sore, tender breast
-urinary frequency
what are probable signs of pregnancy - -observed by an *examiner*
-Goodwell’s sign
-Chadwick sign
-Hegar's sign
-Ballottement
-pregnancy tests
what is Goodwell's sign - softening of vaginal portion of cervix
what is Chadwick's sign - bluish vagina and cervix due to increased vascularity
what is Hegar's sign - examiner uses 2 hands to feel softening of cervix isthmus and increased
bladder pressure
what is Ballottement - use a finger to push on cervix, can feel gestational sac and bounce back
consideration of pregnancy tests - -antiseizure meds, diuretics, tranquilizers, and testicular cancer
can cause false positive
-1st void in AM is the most accurate
-testing for HCG= amount doubles every 72 hours
-DO NOT use this as your definitive sign
, what are positive signs of pregnancy - -attributes to fetus
-fetal heart beat clearly distinctive from mom
-fetal movement felt by someone else
-fetal visualization by ultrasound
what signs can establish the diagnosis of pregnancy - positive signs
what a normal fetal HR - 110-160
what is the fundus - top of uterus
where is the fundus located during T1 - between pubis symphysis and umbilicus
where is the fundus located during T2 - between the umbilicus and xiphoid process
where is the fundus located during T3 - at the xiphoid process
what is the McDonalds measurement - gestational weeks are measured by uterine growth
when to start measuring the McDonalds measurement - -start at 18 weeks
-use cm to measure symphysis to fundus
-20cm = 20 weeks
changes due to fetus presence - -contractility
-uteroplacental blood flow
what are the functions of the placenta - -gives O2 and nutrients to fetus
-removes waste from babys blood
when should the placenta be delivered - -between 5-30 mins
WITH 100% CORRECT)
what is the function of estrogen - -development of female characteristics
-helps uterus grow and weight during pregnancy
what is the function of progesterone - -secreted by corpus luteum
-"maintenance" hormone during pregnancy
-can help w lactation
-keeps uterus relaxed so it doesn’t contract while implantation is occurring
-prevents preterm labour
what is an ectopic pregnancy - when the egg does not get to the uterus and gets fertilized in the
fallopian tubes
how to dissolve fertilized egg during a ectopic pregnancy - admin methotrexate
what happens during days 1-7 of the menstrual cycle - lining breaks down, menstruation occurs
what happens during days 8-11 of the menstrual cycle - lining of womb thickens in prep for egg
what happens during days 12-17 of the menstrual cycle - ovulation occurs, pregnancy most possible
what happens during days 18-25 of the menstrual cycle - if no fertilization, corpus luteum fades away
what is gravidity - number of pregnancies
what is nulligravida - never been pregnant
what is primigravida - first pregnancy
what is multigravida - 2 or more pregnancies
,what is parity - number of pregnancy where foetus got to 20 weeks (no matter outcome)
what is nullipara - no pregnancy that goes beyond viability
what is primipara - 1 pregnancy that goes beyond viability
what is multipara - 2 or more pregnancies that goes beyond viability
what is viability - past 20 weeks or at 500 grams
what is GTPAL - G- # of pregnancies
T- # of full term (>37 weeks)
P- # of preterm (20-36 weeks)
A- # of abortions
L- # of living children
what is Nagele's rule - -how to determine due date from LMP
+7 days
-3 months
+1 year
how to calculate EDB if LMP is unknown - transvaginal ultrasound
what can transvaginal ultrasounds determine - -expected due date
-verifies fatal heartbeat and status of pregnancy
-location
-can tell if multiple
-looks for abnormalities
-usually done at first prenatal confirmation visit
,what is the most accurate measurement of gestational age in the first trimester - within the
ultrasound, they measure the CRL (crown/rump length)
what are the presumptive signs of pregnancy - -felt by the *women*
-amenorrhea
-N/V
-morning sickness
-extreme fatigue
-sore, tender breast
-urinary frequency
what are probable signs of pregnancy - -observed by an *examiner*
-Goodwell’s sign
-Chadwick sign
-Hegar's sign
-Ballottement
-pregnancy tests
what is Goodwell's sign - softening of vaginal portion of cervix
what is Chadwick's sign - bluish vagina and cervix due to increased vascularity
what is Hegar's sign - examiner uses 2 hands to feel softening of cervix isthmus and increased
bladder pressure
what is Ballottement - use a finger to push on cervix, can feel gestational sac and bounce back
consideration of pregnancy tests - -antiseizure meds, diuretics, tranquilizers, and testicular cancer
can cause false positive
-1st void in AM is the most accurate
-testing for HCG= amount doubles every 72 hours
-DO NOT use this as your definitive sign
, what are positive signs of pregnancy - -attributes to fetus
-fetal heart beat clearly distinctive from mom
-fetal movement felt by someone else
-fetal visualization by ultrasound
what signs can establish the diagnosis of pregnancy - positive signs
what a normal fetal HR - 110-160
what is the fundus - top of uterus
where is the fundus located during T1 - between pubis symphysis and umbilicus
where is the fundus located during T2 - between the umbilicus and xiphoid process
where is the fundus located during T3 - at the xiphoid process
what is the McDonalds measurement - gestational weeks are measured by uterine growth
when to start measuring the McDonalds measurement - -start at 18 weeks
-use cm to measure symphysis to fundus
-20cm = 20 weeks
changes due to fetus presence - -contractility
-uteroplacental blood flow
what are the functions of the placenta - -gives O2 and nutrients to fetus
-removes waste from babys blood
when should the placenta be delivered - -between 5-30 mins
