AP BIO Plants -questions and verified answers
Three functions of roots - ✔✔Anchorage, storage, and absorption
Plants - ✔✔Evolved from green algae, cell walls made of cellulose, store surplus
carbohydrates as starch, most moved to land 475 million years ago, the plant body lives
simultaneously in air and in soil-presents a challenge
Water Movement up a tree - ✔✔Transpirational pull cohesion tension theory states, as
one molecule of water evaporates from the leaves, one molecule of water is drawn in
through the roots, this process requires no energy, water flows from high to low water
potential
Gametangia - ✔✔reproductive organ of bryophytes
Archegonium - ✔✔female gametangia produces eggs, found in gymnosperms and
bryophytes, fertilization occurs here
Antheridium - ✔✔male gametangia produces sperm, found in gymnosperms and b
bryophytes
Reasons Stomates Open - ✔✔Photosynthetic guard cells make sugar, causing decrease in
water potential inside guard cells. Guard cells absorb water and become turgid. Light
stimulates blue light sensors in plasma membrane of guard cells. Potassium ion levels
increase. CO2 levels decrease.
Gibberellin - ✔✔Plant hormones. Discovered in rice fungus. Stimulates stems and leaves
to grow long. Causes plant to grow a long stem during bolting.
, Apical Dominance - ✔✔Promotes growth of apical shoots. Inhibits development of
axillary buds.
Alteration of Genetics - ✔✔(Mosses) The n generation is the more conspicuous and
dominant. The 2n plant grows out from the n plant. It is smaller and exists for a short time.
(Ferns) The n and 2n generations are independent of one another although the 2n
generation is larger. (Flowering Plants) the 2n generation is dominant. The n generation is
dependent on the 2n generation. The n generation develops inside the sporophyte
generation.
Parenchyma Cells - ✔✔Ground tissue. Typical plant cell. Single, large vacuole. Thin
flexible primary cell walls, no secondary wall. Most common plant cell type. Functions are
photosynthesis, storage, synthesis. Undergoes cell division. Regenerating an entire plant
from a single parenchymal cell is possible.
Bryophytes - ✔✔Grow close to ground because they lack vascular tissue and lack lignin-
fortified tissue that enables plants on land to grow tall. Mosses and liverworts.
Dry Environment Modifications - ✔✔Cell walls, stomates, gametangia, C-4 plants, pollen,
needle of cacti, xylem, seeds, roots and root hairs, stomatal crypt, sporopollenin, CAM
plants, waxy cuticle, lignin, phloem
Ethylene - ✔✔A gaseous plant hormone, responsible for fruit ripening. Given off by ripe
fruit, promotes leaf abscission (loss of leaves)
Plant Hormones - ✔✔Help coordinate growth, development and responses to
environmental stimuli. Produced in minute concentrations. Includes auxins, cytokinins,
gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene
Mychorrizae - ✔✔Mutualistic relationship between fungi and roots of almost all vascular
plants. Enhances uptake of water and selected minerals.
Three functions of roots - ✔✔Anchorage, storage, and absorption
Plants - ✔✔Evolved from green algae, cell walls made of cellulose, store surplus
carbohydrates as starch, most moved to land 475 million years ago, the plant body lives
simultaneously in air and in soil-presents a challenge
Water Movement up a tree - ✔✔Transpirational pull cohesion tension theory states, as
one molecule of water evaporates from the leaves, one molecule of water is drawn in
through the roots, this process requires no energy, water flows from high to low water
potential
Gametangia - ✔✔reproductive organ of bryophytes
Archegonium - ✔✔female gametangia produces eggs, found in gymnosperms and
bryophytes, fertilization occurs here
Antheridium - ✔✔male gametangia produces sperm, found in gymnosperms and b
bryophytes
Reasons Stomates Open - ✔✔Photosynthetic guard cells make sugar, causing decrease in
water potential inside guard cells. Guard cells absorb water and become turgid. Light
stimulates blue light sensors in plasma membrane of guard cells. Potassium ion levels
increase. CO2 levels decrease.
Gibberellin - ✔✔Plant hormones. Discovered in rice fungus. Stimulates stems and leaves
to grow long. Causes plant to grow a long stem during bolting.
, Apical Dominance - ✔✔Promotes growth of apical shoots. Inhibits development of
axillary buds.
Alteration of Genetics - ✔✔(Mosses) The n generation is the more conspicuous and
dominant. The 2n plant grows out from the n plant. It is smaller and exists for a short time.
(Ferns) The n and 2n generations are independent of one another although the 2n
generation is larger. (Flowering Plants) the 2n generation is dominant. The n generation is
dependent on the 2n generation. The n generation develops inside the sporophyte
generation.
Parenchyma Cells - ✔✔Ground tissue. Typical plant cell. Single, large vacuole. Thin
flexible primary cell walls, no secondary wall. Most common plant cell type. Functions are
photosynthesis, storage, synthesis. Undergoes cell division. Regenerating an entire plant
from a single parenchymal cell is possible.
Bryophytes - ✔✔Grow close to ground because they lack vascular tissue and lack lignin-
fortified tissue that enables plants on land to grow tall. Mosses and liverworts.
Dry Environment Modifications - ✔✔Cell walls, stomates, gametangia, C-4 plants, pollen,
needle of cacti, xylem, seeds, roots and root hairs, stomatal crypt, sporopollenin, CAM
plants, waxy cuticle, lignin, phloem
Ethylene - ✔✔A gaseous plant hormone, responsible for fruit ripening. Given off by ripe
fruit, promotes leaf abscission (loss of leaves)
Plant Hormones - ✔✔Help coordinate growth, development and responses to
environmental stimuli. Produced in minute concentrations. Includes auxins, cytokinins,
gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene
Mychorrizae - ✔✔Mutualistic relationship between fungi and roots of almost all vascular
plants. Enhances uptake of water and selected minerals.
