BIOL 2051 Luzan Final - Entire Test
Bank Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
The calcium cycle is tightly coupled to the
A) carbon cycle through calcium carbonate formation in ocean waters.
B) phosphorus cycle through calcium phosphate formation in sediments and rocks.
C) silica cycle through calcium silicate formation in coastal ocean sediments.
D) nitrogen cycle because nitrogenase requires calcium ions. - Answer-A
Phosphorus reservoirs include
A) phosphate minerals in rocks, dissolved phosphates in aquatic environments, and
the nucleic
acids and phospholipids of living organisms.
B) mineral phosphonates and the nucleic acids and phospholipids of living
organisms.
C) elemental phosphorus minerals and phosphonates.
D) elemental phosphorus, polyphosphate, and phosphonates. - Answer-A
The Fe and Mn cycles include
A) reduced and oxidized forms that are very chemically reactive.
B) large reservoirs of solid mineral forms that are chemically inert.
C) incorporation of Fe and Mn into the exoskeletons of diatoms and other alga.
D) toxic forms that can poison aquatic ecosystems if the cycles are imbalanced. -
Answer-A
Mercury is commonly found in
A) some electronics, but not in pesticides.
B) some compounds that are neurotoxins, but not in electronics.
C) some pesticides, but not in any neurotoxins.
D) some electronics, some pesticides, and some neurotoxic compounds. - Answer-D
Which is the most toxic form of mercury in animals?
A) CH3Hg+
B) Hg0
C) Hg2+
D) Hg4+ - Answer-A
What reaction is catalyzed by mercuric reductase?
A) Hg(CH3)2 to Hg2+
B) CH3Hg+ to Hg2+
C) Hg4+ to Hg2+
D) Hg2+ to Hg0 - Answer-D
28) Agricultural application of nitrogen fertilizer
,A) reduces global warming by increasing the storage of carbon dioxide in plant
biomass.
B) increases global warming by increasing microbial respiration in agricultural soils.
C) increases global warming by increasing the production of nitrous oxide (N2O) by
denitrification in agricultural soils.
D) has little to no effect on the carbon cycle. - Answer-C
The greenhouse effect is caused by gases
A) such as CO2, CH4, and N2O that trap infrared radiation, heating the Earth.
B) such as CO2 that increase plant and animal growth, resulting in more heat
production on
Earth.
C) such as CO2 and O3 (ozone) that interact with UV light and heat the Earth.
D) such as CO2, CH4, and N2O that destroy O3 (ozone) and allow more UV light to
enter the
atmosphere, thus increasing the temperature of the Earth's surface. - Answer-A
The ocean has mitigated the impact of anthropogenic carbon dioxide production by
A) absorbing 500 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
B) absorbing over 80% of the trapped heat energy.
C) storing 600 billion tons of organic carbon.
D) absorbing 500 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide and over 80% of the
trapped heat
energy. - Answer-D
What is the major reservoir of stable nitrogen?
A) N2
B) NO
C) NO3
-
D) NH4 - Answer-A
Which statement exemplifies the biological pump concept?
A) Autotrophs bring in light photons to synthesize ATP.
B) Bacteria oxidize Fe2+ into Fe3+, and Archaea reduce Fe3
+ back into Fe2
+.
C) Calcium ions are brought into cells while toxic physiological by-products are
released.
D) Primary producers sink to the deep ocean, which provides deep ocean organisms
with
nutrients when the primary producers die. - Answer-D
What is the largest carbon reservoir on Earth?
A) Terrestrial biosphere
B) Rocks and sediments
C) Aquatic biosphere
D) Fossil fuels - Answer-B
The largest reservoir of methane is found
,A) as methane hydrates trapped under permafrost and marine sediments.
B) in the rumen of cows and other ruminant animals.
C) in the atmosphere in gaseous form.
D) trapped in volcanic rocks in tropical environments around the world. - Answer-A
Lignin is a complex polymer of methoxylated compounds and is present in
.
A) silica / aquatic environments
B) mineral / rocks
C) oil / fossil fuels
D) aromatic / vascular plant material - Answer-D
Which of the following processes does denitrification contribute to?
A) Acid rain
B) Ozone depletion
C) Global warming
D) Acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming - Answer-D
The two major forms of carbon that remain following microbial degradation are
A) methane, organic matter, and fossil fuels.
B) methane and carbon dioxide.
C) lignin and fossil fuels.
D) organic matter and hydrocarbons. - Answer-B
In the oceans, sulfur exists primarily as
A) hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
B) elemental sulfur (S0).
C) sulfate (SO4
2-
).
D) gypsum (CaSO4). - Answer-C
Sulfide is toxic to respiring organisms because it can combine with metals present in
that serve a critical function in respiration.
A) glycolysis enzymes
B) oxidases
C) NADH
D) cytochromes - Answer-D
40) Lysis of marine algae and cyanobacteria releases a major osmoregulatory
solute,
dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is degraded into the most abundant
organic S
compound in nature,
A) dimethyl sulfide (CH3-S-CH3).
B) hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
C) gypsum (CaSO4).
D) elemental sulfur (S0). - Answer-A
Phosphonate comprises 25% of the phosphorous pool in nature.
, A) inorganic
B) organic
C) insoluble
D) biologically unavailable - Answer-B
Coccolithophores and foraminiferans both use to form their exoskeletons.
A) Si4+
B) Fe3+
C) Ca2+
D) HPO4
2- - Answer-C
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is
A) increasing sedimentation of C, Ca, and Si.
B) increasing the effect of the biological pump.
C) fueling increased primary production in ocean waters.
D) acidifying the ocean and decreasing the rate of formation of calcareous shells. -
Answer-D
44) Studying the redox cycling of Fe in the environment has led to the discovery
A) of bacteria that transfer electrons as a form of electricity.
B) of bacteria that destroy toxic metal ions.
C) of archaea that have Fe in their cell walls.
D) that Fe limits primary production in terrestrial ecosystems. - Answer-A
Nitrogen fixation results in the
A) loss of biologically available N from an ecosystem.
B) formation of nitrogen gas.
C) direct formation of nitrate.
D) addition of biologically available N to an ecosystem. - Answer-D
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a
A) direct product of ammonification.
B) direct product of nitrogen fixation.
C) potent greenhouse gas that is a product of nitrification.
D) potent greenhouse gas that is a product of denitrification. - Answer-D
Nitrification and anammox both
A) create nitrogen gas, but nitrification is aerobic while anammox is anaerobic.
B) oxidize ammonia, but nitrification uses O2 as an electron acceptor and anammox
uses NO2
-
.
C) are aerobic processes, but nitrification produces NO3
- and anammox produces N2 gas.
D) occur in soils at neutral pH. - Answer-B
The oxidation of occurs both biotically and abiotically, but biotic oxidation is
more common at pH values.
A) Si / low
Bank Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
The calcium cycle is tightly coupled to the
A) carbon cycle through calcium carbonate formation in ocean waters.
B) phosphorus cycle through calcium phosphate formation in sediments and rocks.
C) silica cycle through calcium silicate formation in coastal ocean sediments.
D) nitrogen cycle because nitrogenase requires calcium ions. - Answer-A
Phosphorus reservoirs include
A) phosphate minerals in rocks, dissolved phosphates in aquatic environments, and
the nucleic
acids and phospholipids of living organisms.
B) mineral phosphonates and the nucleic acids and phospholipids of living
organisms.
C) elemental phosphorus minerals and phosphonates.
D) elemental phosphorus, polyphosphate, and phosphonates. - Answer-A
The Fe and Mn cycles include
A) reduced and oxidized forms that are very chemically reactive.
B) large reservoirs of solid mineral forms that are chemically inert.
C) incorporation of Fe and Mn into the exoskeletons of diatoms and other alga.
D) toxic forms that can poison aquatic ecosystems if the cycles are imbalanced. -
Answer-A
Mercury is commonly found in
A) some electronics, but not in pesticides.
B) some compounds that are neurotoxins, but not in electronics.
C) some pesticides, but not in any neurotoxins.
D) some electronics, some pesticides, and some neurotoxic compounds. - Answer-D
Which is the most toxic form of mercury in animals?
A) CH3Hg+
B) Hg0
C) Hg2+
D) Hg4+ - Answer-A
What reaction is catalyzed by mercuric reductase?
A) Hg(CH3)2 to Hg2+
B) CH3Hg+ to Hg2+
C) Hg4+ to Hg2+
D) Hg2+ to Hg0 - Answer-D
28) Agricultural application of nitrogen fertilizer
,A) reduces global warming by increasing the storage of carbon dioxide in plant
biomass.
B) increases global warming by increasing microbial respiration in agricultural soils.
C) increases global warming by increasing the production of nitrous oxide (N2O) by
denitrification in agricultural soils.
D) has little to no effect on the carbon cycle. - Answer-C
The greenhouse effect is caused by gases
A) such as CO2, CH4, and N2O that trap infrared radiation, heating the Earth.
B) such as CO2 that increase plant and animal growth, resulting in more heat
production on
Earth.
C) such as CO2 and O3 (ozone) that interact with UV light and heat the Earth.
D) such as CO2, CH4, and N2O that destroy O3 (ozone) and allow more UV light to
enter the
atmosphere, thus increasing the temperature of the Earth's surface. - Answer-A
The ocean has mitigated the impact of anthropogenic carbon dioxide production by
A) absorbing 500 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
B) absorbing over 80% of the trapped heat energy.
C) storing 600 billion tons of organic carbon.
D) absorbing 500 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide and over 80% of the
trapped heat
energy. - Answer-D
What is the major reservoir of stable nitrogen?
A) N2
B) NO
C) NO3
-
D) NH4 - Answer-A
Which statement exemplifies the biological pump concept?
A) Autotrophs bring in light photons to synthesize ATP.
B) Bacteria oxidize Fe2+ into Fe3+, and Archaea reduce Fe3
+ back into Fe2
+.
C) Calcium ions are brought into cells while toxic physiological by-products are
released.
D) Primary producers sink to the deep ocean, which provides deep ocean organisms
with
nutrients when the primary producers die. - Answer-D
What is the largest carbon reservoir on Earth?
A) Terrestrial biosphere
B) Rocks and sediments
C) Aquatic biosphere
D) Fossil fuels - Answer-B
The largest reservoir of methane is found
,A) as methane hydrates trapped under permafrost and marine sediments.
B) in the rumen of cows and other ruminant animals.
C) in the atmosphere in gaseous form.
D) trapped in volcanic rocks in tropical environments around the world. - Answer-A
Lignin is a complex polymer of methoxylated compounds and is present in
.
A) silica / aquatic environments
B) mineral / rocks
C) oil / fossil fuels
D) aromatic / vascular plant material - Answer-D
Which of the following processes does denitrification contribute to?
A) Acid rain
B) Ozone depletion
C) Global warming
D) Acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming - Answer-D
The two major forms of carbon that remain following microbial degradation are
A) methane, organic matter, and fossil fuels.
B) methane and carbon dioxide.
C) lignin and fossil fuels.
D) organic matter and hydrocarbons. - Answer-B
In the oceans, sulfur exists primarily as
A) hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
B) elemental sulfur (S0).
C) sulfate (SO4
2-
).
D) gypsum (CaSO4). - Answer-C
Sulfide is toxic to respiring organisms because it can combine with metals present in
that serve a critical function in respiration.
A) glycolysis enzymes
B) oxidases
C) NADH
D) cytochromes - Answer-D
40) Lysis of marine algae and cyanobacteria releases a major osmoregulatory
solute,
dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is degraded into the most abundant
organic S
compound in nature,
A) dimethyl sulfide (CH3-S-CH3).
B) hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
C) gypsum (CaSO4).
D) elemental sulfur (S0). - Answer-A
Phosphonate comprises 25% of the phosphorous pool in nature.
, A) inorganic
B) organic
C) insoluble
D) biologically unavailable - Answer-B
Coccolithophores and foraminiferans both use to form their exoskeletons.
A) Si4+
B) Fe3+
C) Ca2+
D) HPO4
2- - Answer-C
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is
A) increasing sedimentation of C, Ca, and Si.
B) increasing the effect of the biological pump.
C) fueling increased primary production in ocean waters.
D) acidifying the ocean and decreasing the rate of formation of calcareous shells. -
Answer-D
44) Studying the redox cycling of Fe in the environment has led to the discovery
A) of bacteria that transfer electrons as a form of electricity.
B) of bacteria that destroy toxic metal ions.
C) of archaea that have Fe in their cell walls.
D) that Fe limits primary production in terrestrial ecosystems. - Answer-A
Nitrogen fixation results in the
A) loss of biologically available N from an ecosystem.
B) formation of nitrogen gas.
C) direct formation of nitrate.
D) addition of biologically available N to an ecosystem. - Answer-D
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a
A) direct product of ammonification.
B) direct product of nitrogen fixation.
C) potent greenhouse gas that is a product of nitrification.
D) potent greenhouse gas that is a product of denitrification. - Answer-D
Nitrification and anammox both
A) create nitrogen gas, but nitrification is aerobic while anammox is anaerobic.
B) oxidize ammonia, but nitrification uses O2 as an electron acceptor and anammox
uses NO2
-
.
C) are aerobic processes, but nitrification produces NO3
- and anammox produces N2 gas.
D) occur in soils at neutral pH. - Answer-B
The oxidation of occurs both biotically and abiotically, but biotic oxidation is
more common at pH values.
A) Si / low
