: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)

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NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC RESPIR
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ATORY CARE 2i




5th Edition, Walsh
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TESTBANK i
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,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE 2i




1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
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of a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular

ANS: D 2i


The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
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eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular cha
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nnels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pass
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ages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of g
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estation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develo
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ps, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes pla
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ce from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later bec
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ome alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
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exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
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stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage
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is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
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REF: pp. 3-5 2i 2 i




2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
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be present in the lungs for life develop?
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a. 6 months 2i


b. 1 year 2i


c. 1.5 years 2i


d. 2 years 2i




ANS: C 2i


Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
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At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years o
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f age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveol
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i continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 2i 2i




3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
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stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
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, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A 2i


The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
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velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
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s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnorma
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lly low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop durin
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g the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., premature
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ly), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways,
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along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives ris
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e to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
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REF: 2i2i p. 6 2i




4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
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oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? 2i 2i 2i




I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism 2i 2i


II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i



III. Interference with fetal breathing 2i 2i 2i



IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i


a. I and III only 2i 2i 2i


b. II and III only 2i 2i 2i


c. I, II, and IV only 2i 2i 2i 2i


d. II, III, and IV only 2i 2i 2i 2i




ANS: D 2i


Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i 2i


with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by whic
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h amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduc
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ed quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference wit
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h fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental obser
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vations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimu
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lant.

REF: pp. 6-7 2i 2i




5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension 2i 2i 2i


c. To maintain lung elasticity 2i 2i 2i


d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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