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Samenvatting Overzichtstabel - antibiotica

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Overzicht van alle te kennen antibiotica voor het vak 'infectieziekten 2'. De tabel bevat indicaties, werking, nevenwerkingen...

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Antibiotica
Beta-lactam AB
Algemeen
Hebben β-lactam ring
- Bindt aan het penicillin binding protein (PBP)  geen crosslinking van de peptidoglycanen van de celwand = celwand valt uiteen  bactericide (bacterie dood) dus goed voor
levensbedreigende infecties (meningitis, sepsis,…)
- Wordt opengebroken door bacterieel enzym: β-lactamase  beschermt PBP = resistentiemechansime van de bacterie tegen β-lactams

Bijwerkingen: nausea en diarree, leverfunctie, IgE allergie (rash tot zelfs anafylaxie)
Type Voorbeeld Mechanisme Spectrum Kinetiek Veiligheid & allergie Resistentie Andere
Penicilline Penicilline Celwand inhibitie en Gram+, spirochaetes (PO)/IV/IM IgE gemedieerde Staphylococci: >80%
schade (bacteriocidaal)  Streptococcen, Tijdsafhankelijk  allergie Pneumococci: variabel
syphilis frequente dosering GAS: nog steeds laag
Amoxicilline
Ampicilline
Cloxacilline Celwand inhibitie en Gram+  PO/IV IgE gemedieerde MRSA (variabel: 15-20- = semi-synthetische
schade Staphylococcus spp. Tijdsafhankelijk  allergie 25%) (want methicilline beta-lactam
frequente dosering =voorganger cloxacilline) Voorkeurs-
behandeling voor
invasieve S. aureus
infecties
Amoxicilline + clavulaanzuur Celwand inhibitie en Gram+ + Gram- + PO/IV IgE gemedieerde ESBL, ampC, CPE
schade anaeroben Tijdsafhankelijk  allergie
Clavulaanzuur frequente dosering
bypassed beta-
lactamases
Piperacilline-tazobactam
Carbapenem Imipenem
Meropenem Celwand inhibitie en Gram+ + Gram- + IV Veilig alternatief voor Carbapenemases
schade anaeroben + ESBL + Tijdsafhankelijk  penicilline allergie (NDM1, KPC, oxa,…)
Pseudomonas frequente dosering Zeer breed spectrum

, Goede penetratie in  verdere selectie
CSF van carbapenem
resistentie
Cephalosporine Cefazoline (1)
(4 generaties) Cefuroxime (2)
Ceftriaxone (3) Celwand inhibitie en Gram+ + Gram- (geen IM/IV IgE gemedieerde ESBL, cephalosporinases Enkel IM, 1x/d
(Cefotaxim, ceftazidim) schade enterococci, limited Tijdsafhankelijk, allergie Link tussen gebruik injectie
anaeroben) maar langwerkend ceftriaxone en selectie
Goede penetratie in van ESBL?
geïnflammeerde
meningen
Cefepime (4)




Non-beta lactam AB

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