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Samenvatting - Immunologie

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Samenvatting van het vak 'immunologie' aan de hand van de slides en eigen notities.

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Immunologie
Inhoudsopgave

Histologie lymfoide organen ............................................................................................................................ 3

Lymfeklier ........................................................................................................................................................... 3

Thymus................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Milt...................................................................................................................................................................... 8

MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue) ................................................................................................... 10

Pathologie van lymfeklieren, milt en thymus ................................................................................................. 12

Lymfadenopathie (vergrote lymfeklier) ............................................................................................................ 12

Hypersplenisme ................................................................................................................................................. 16

Thymusziekten .................................................................................................................................................. 16

Spierzwakte....................................................................................................................................................... 17

Les 1: introductie het immuunsysteem .......................................................................................................... 21

Het immuunsysteem: functies .......................................................................................................................... 21

Een uitdaging: diversiteit pathogenen .............................................................................................................. 21

Verdedigingslinies (barrières) ........................................................................................................................... 22

Les 2: organen en cellen van het immuunsysteem ......................................................................................... 41

Organen van het immuunsysteem; primair vs. secundair ................................................................................ 41

Oorsprong & opleiding; progenitor/BM/thymus .............................................................................................. 41

Cellen van het immuunsysteem ........................................................................................................................ 42

Celtypering ((immuno)fenotyperen) ................................................................................................................. 69

Les 3: De ontstekingsreactie ........................................................................................................................... 72

Algemeen: lokale reactie .................................................................................................................................. 72

Algemene symptomen ...................................................................................................................................... 73

Welke producten > lokale/algemene symptomen? .......................................................................................... 74

Samenvatting .................................................................................................................................................... 76

Les 4: antigeenherkenning; antigeenpresentatie & MHC (TcR) ....................................................................... 77

Patroonherkenning ........................................................................................................................................... 77

Herkenning Ag door T cel: algemeen ................................................................................................................ 78

De MHC (majeur histocompatibiliteitscomplex) molecule ................................................................................ 82

Histocompatibiliteit (MHC/HLA) ....................................................................................................................... 82



1

, Antigeenpresentatie ......................................................................................................................................... 85

De TcR/CD3 (CD4/CD8) ..................................................................................................................................... 88

B-cel stimulatie ................................................................................................................................................. 91

Les 5: complement ......................................................................................................................................... 93

Definitie............................................................................................................................................................. 93

Nomenclatuur ................................................................................................................................................... 93

Synthese en metabolisme ................................................................................................................................. 93

Complementactivatie ........................................................................................................................................ 93

Fysiologische functie ......................................................................................................................................... 96

Complementfactoren (anafylatoxines): biologische effecten ........................................................................... 98

Complementreceptoren .................................................................................................................................... 98

Regulatoren ...................................................................................................................................................... 98

Complementdeficiënties ................................................................................................................................... 99

C1-esterase inhibitor deficiëntie ..................................................................................................................... 100

Complement: samenvatting ........................................................................................................................... 100

Les 6: immunoglobulinen ............................................................................................................................. 101

Immunoglobulinen .......................................................................................................................................... 101

Activatie B-cel ................................................................................................................................................. 115

Samenvatting .................................................................................................................................................. 123




2

,Histologie lymfoide organen
• Lymfoide organen
o Lymfeklier
o Thymus
o Milt
o Tonsillen
o MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
• Lymfeklierstation stimuleren (door antigenen die voorbijkomen): lymfeklier gaat groeien
o Gaat lymfocyten beginnen produceren
o Epitoop is onderdeel antigeen waartegen immuunsysteem specifiek reageert


Lymfeklier
• Functie
o Filteren van lymphe
▪ Stukjes blijven hangen in lymfeklier → lichaam kan aan surveillance doen →
kan reageren
o Productie van B-lymfocyten (bij een reactief proces (pijnlijke bilaterale klieren bij
ontsteking))
o Huizen van T-lymfocyten
• Structuur
o Kapsel (barrière)
o Cortex (buitenkant)
o Medulla (binnenkant)


Structuur lymfeklier
• Kapsel
o Dik bindweefsel
o Omgeven door vetweefsel
o Afferente lymfevaten (naar
lymfeklier)
▪ Kleppen
(ontdubbelingen in
endotheel →
stroom heeft
richting)
• Cortex
o Buitenste cortex
o Binnenste cortex




3

,Meer afbeeldingen: zie pwp


Cortex
• Buitenste cortex
o Randsinus
o Trabekelsinus
o B-cel rijke follikels
▪ Primaire vs. secundaire follikel
• Binnenste cortex
o CD4+ T helper cellen
o Hoog-endotheliale venulen (= venulen die vrij
lek zijn)




4

, Follikel
• Kiemcentrum (blekere centra)
o Lymfoblasten
o Folliculaire dendritische cellen (= antigeenpresenterende cellen; soort macrofagen
met uitlopers)
o Macrofagen (niet voor antigeenpresentatie, maar enkel voor opruiming)
o Reticulumcellen
▪ Steuncellen
▪ Collageenproductie




Meer afbeeldingen: zie pwp



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