Three main parts to a cell plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
hydrogen bond a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic
attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
Comparing genetic information to a book. Letters: Nucleotides (nitrogen bases)
Words: Codons
Sentences: Genes
Paragraph: DNA
Chapters: Chromosomes
Book: Organism
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Genes code for ... while codons code for... proteins
amino acids
What are combustion reactions? Rx occus when a compound that contains carbon and
hydrogen is burned in oxygen has (O2). It always produces Co2 and water vapor
ex)
Ch4 + 2 O2 --> Co2 + 2H20
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) -belong to a family of innate immune receptors
-the TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to activate innate
immunity and inflammatory cascades, functioning as the first line of defense against foreign
pathogens
Exocrine versus endocrine Endocrine:
-secret into blood stream
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-ductless glands
-into blood
-secrets hormones
-target of gland is away from gland
-slow response
-long term activities of target organs
-ex) thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands
Exocrine:
-secret to external or surface of organ
-may or may not have ducts
-secretions directly at the site of action
-secrete enzymes
-target of gland is close
-rapid response
-short term activities
-gastric, salivary, sweat
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What makes the first heart sound? The lub
closing of the atrioventricular vales (AV)-
Bicuspid and tricuspid valve
What makes the second heart sound? The dub
closing of the semilunar valves -
Aortic and pulmonary valves
Organelles A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Ribosomes
Nucleus