AMSCO AP US History Chapter 20
a splendid little war - ANS-The ambassador to England wrote to his friend, Teddy Roosevelt,
with these words because of low casualties in the war against Spain. (p. 414)
ABC powers - ANS-The South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, which
attempted to mediate a dispute between Mexico and the United States in 1914. (p. 423)
Alaska Purchase - ANS-In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from
Russia for $7.2 Million ("Seward's Folly"). (p. 410)
Alfred Thayer Mahan - ANS-He was a U.S. Navy captain whose ideas on naval warfare and
the importance of seapower changed how America viewed its navy. (p. 411)
Algeciras Conference - ANS-In 1906, this conference held after the First Moroccan Crisis in
which the dispute between Germany and France over control of Morocco was settled. (p.
420)
anti-imperialism - ANS-President Woodrow Wilson differed from his Republican presidential
predecessors. He believed that the U.S. should not expand its territory overseas. (p. 421)
Anti-Imperialist League - ANS-Lead by William Jennings Bryan, they opposed further
expansion in the Pacific. (p. 415)
big-stick policy - ANS-Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy motto was to "speak softly and
carry a big stick". By acting boldly and decisively in a number of situation, Roosevelt attempt
to build the reputation of the United States as a world power. (p. 417)
Boxer Rebellion - ANS-A 1900 rebellion in Beijing, China that was started by a secret society
of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". An international force marched into Beijing and
crushed the rebellion. (p. 417)
building the Panama Canal - ANS-This canal was started in 1904 and completed 10 years
later. The building of this large canal was important because it would benefit American
commerce and military capability. (p. 418)
business and imperialists competitors - ANS-The United States was not alone in pursuing
imperialism, which meant acquiring territory or gaining control over the political or economic
life of other countries. Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan tried to influence
or possess weaker countries around the world. (p. 410)
Cleveland and Olney - ANS-In 1895 and 1896, President Grover Cleveland and Secretary of
State Richard Olney insisted that Great Britain agree to arbitrate the border dispute between
Venezuela and the British colony of Guiana. (p. 412)
Cleveland blocks annexation - ANS-In 1893, President Grover Cleveland block the
annexation of Hawaii because he opposed imperalism. However, in 1898, President
McKinley did annex Hawaii. (p. 414)
Conciliation treaties - ANS-Wilson's commitment to democracy was shared by Secretary of
State William Jennings Bryan. Bryan negotiated treaties in which nations pledged to submit
disputes to international commissions and observe a one-year cooling-off period before
taking military action. Thirty of these treaties were negotiated. (p. 422)
Cuban revolt - ANS-In 1895, Cuban nationalists sabotaged and laid waste to Cuban
plantations. Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler who put civilians into armed camps where
many died. (p. 413)
, De Lome Letter - ANS-Spanish Ambassador's letter that was leaked to the press and and
published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Many
considered it an official Spanish insult against U.S. national honor. (p. 413)
Emilio Aguinaldo - ANS-Filipino nationalist leader who led guerrilla fighters in a three year
war against U.S. control of the Philippines. (p. 415)
expansionist politicians - ANS-Republican politicians generally endorsed the use of foreign
affairs to search for new markets. (p. 411)
expeditionary force - ANS-The name given to the group sent to capture Pancho Villa in
Mexico. (p. 423)
French in Mexico - ANS-In 1865, Secretary of State William Seward invoked the Monroe
Doctrine when Napoleon III sent French troops to occupy Mexico. He threatened U.S.
military action unless France withdrew their troops, and they did. (p. 410)
General Huerta - ANS-In 1913, this Mexican revolutionary seized power in Mexico by killing
the democratically elected president. (p. 423)
gentlemen's agreement - ANS-In 1908, an informal agreement between the United States
and Japan. President Roosevelt agreed that Japanese American students would be allowed
to attend normal schools in San Francisco and Japan agreed to curb the number of workers
coming to the U.S. (p. 420)
George Dewey - ANS-A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila
Bay, Philippines in the Spanish-American War. (p. 414)
George Goethals - ANS-United States army officer and engineer who supervised the
construction of the Panama Canal. (p. 418)
Great White Fleet - ANS-Sixteen United States battleships, painted white, were sent around
the world to display American naval power. (p. 419 )
Guam and Philippines - ANS-On December 10, 1898, the Spanish-American War treaty was
signed in Paris. Under the treaty the U.S. acquired Guam and also the Philippines. (p. 415)
Hague Conference - ANS-In 1907, the Second International Peace Conference at the Hague
discussed rules for limiting warfare. (p. 420)
Hawaii - ANS-In 1893, American settlers aided in the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani.
President McKinley completed the annexation of Hawaii in 1898. (p. 415)
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) - ANS-In 1903, the Panama government signed this treaty
with the United States. It granted the U.S. all rights to the 51 mile long and 10 mile wide
Canal Zone, in exchange for U.S. protection. (p. 418)
Henry Cabot Lodge - ANS-A Republican senator, he was in favor building U.S. power
through global expansion. He introduced the Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. (p.
411)
Insular cases - ANS-A series of Supreme Court cases from 1901 to 1903 which arose when
the United States acquired the Philippines and Puerto Rico. The court ruled that
constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions and that the
power to decide whether or not to grant such rights belonged to Congress. (p. 416)
international Darwinism - ANS-Darwin's concept of the survival of the fittest was applied not
only to competition in the business world but also to competition among nations. Therefore,
expansionist wanted the U.S. to demonstrate its strength by acquiring territories overseas.
(p. 410)
intervention in Nicaragua - ANS-In 1912, President Taft sent military troops here when a civil
war broke out. (p. 420)
invade the Philippines - ANS-Commodore George Dewey led a U.S. fleet to the Philippines
where he defeated Spain. (p. 414)
a splendid little war - ANS-The ambassador to England wrote to his friend, Teddy Roosevelt,
with these words because of low casualties in the war against Spain. (p. 414)
ABC powers - ANS-The South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, which
attempted to mediate a dispute between Mexico and the United States in 1914. (p. 423)
Alaska Purchase - ANS-In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from
Russia for $7.2 Million ("Seward's Folly"). (p. 410)
Alfred Thayer Mahan - ANS-He was a U.S. Navy captain whose ideas on naval warfare and
the importance of seapower changed how America viewed its navy. (p. 411)
Algeciras Conference - ANS-In 1906, this conference held after the First Moroccan Crisis in
which the dispute between Germany and France over control of Morocco was settled. (p.
420)
anti-imperialism - ANS-President Woodrow Wilson differed from his Republican presidential
predecessors. He believed that the U.S. should not expand its territory overseas. (p. 421)
Anti-Imperialist League - ANS-Lead by William Jennings Bryan, they opposed further
expansion in the Pacific. (p. 415)
big-stick policy - ANS-Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy motto was to "speak softly and
carry a big stick". By acting boldly and decisively in a number of situation, Roosevelt attempt
to build the reputation of the United States as a world power. (p. 417)
Boxer Rebellion - ANS-A 1900 rebellion in Beijing, China that was started by a secret society
of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". An international force marched into Beijing and
crushed the rebellion. (p. 417)
building the Panama Canal - ANS-This canal was started in 1904 and completed 10 years
later. The building of this large canal was important because it would benefit American
commerce and military capability. (p. 418)
business and imperialists competitors - ANS-The United States was not alone in pursuing
imperialism, which meant acquiring territory or gaining control over the political or economic
life of other countries. Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan tried to influence
or possess weaker countries around the world. (p. 410)
Cleveland and Olney - ANS-In 1895 and 1896, President Grover Cleveland and Secretary of
State Richard Olney insisted that Great Britain agree to arbitrate the border dispute between
Venezuela and the British colony of Guiana. (p. 412)
Cleveland blocks annexation - ANS-In 1893, President Grover Cleveland block the
annexation of Hawaii because he opposed imperalism. However, in 1898, President
McKinley did annex Hawaii. (p. 414)
Conciliation treaties - ANS-Wilson's commitment to democracy was shared by Secretary of
State William Jennings Bryan. Bryan negotiated treaties in which nations pledged to submit
disputes to international commissions and observe a one-year cooling-off period before
taking military action. Thirty of these treaties were negotiated. (p. 422)
Cuban revolt - ANS-In 1895, Cuban nationalists sabotaged and laid waste to Cuban
plantations. Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler who put civilians into armed camps where
many died. (p. 413)
, De Lome Letter - ANS-Spanish Ambassador's letter that was leaked to the press and and
published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Many
considered it an official Spanish insult against U.S. national honor. (p. 413)
Emilio Aguinaldo - ANS-Filipino nationalist leader who led guerrilla fighters in a three year
war against U.S. control of the Philippines. (p. 415)
expansionist politicians - ANS-Republican politicians generally endorsed the use of foreign
affairs to search for new markets. (p. 411)
expeditionary force - ANS-The name given to the group sent to capture Pancho Villa in
Mexico. (p. 423)
French in Mexico - ANS-In 1865, Secretary of State William Seward invoked the Monroe
Doctrine when Napoleon III sent French troops to occupy Mexico. He threatened U.S.
military action unless France withdrew their troops, and they did. (p. 410)
General Huerta - ANS-In 1913, this Mexican revolutionary seized power in Mexico by killing
the democratically elected president. (p. 423)
gentlemen's agreement - ANS-In 1908, an informal agreement between the United States
and Japan. President Roosevelt agreed that Japanese American students would be allowed
to attend normal schools in San Francisco and Japan agreed to curb the number of workers
coming to the U.S. (p. 420)
George Dewey - ANS-A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila
Bay, Philippines in the Spanish-American War. (p. 414)
George Goethals - ANS-United States army officer and engineer who supervised the
construction of the Panama Canal. (p. 418)
Great White Fleet - ANS-Sixteen United States battleships, painted white, were sent around
the world to display American naval power. (p. 419 )
Guam and Philippines - ANS-On December 10, 1898, the Spanish-American War treaty was
signed in Paris. Under the treaty the U.S. acquired Guam and also the Philippines. (p. 415)
Hague Conference - ANS-In 1907, the Second International Peace Conference at the Hague
discussed rules for limiting warfare. (p. 420)
Hawaii - ANS-In 1893, American settlers aided in the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani.
President McKinley completed the annexation of Hawaii in 1898. (p. 415)
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) - ANS-In 1903, the Panama government signed this treaty
with the United States. It granted the U.S. all rights to the 51 mile long and 10 mile wide
Canal Zone, in exchange for U.S. protection. (p. 418)
Henry Cabot Lodge - ANS-A Republican senator, he was in favor building U.S. power
through global expansion. He introduced the Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. (p.
411)
Insular cases - ANS-A series of Supreme Court cases from 1901 to 1903 which arose when
the United States acquired the Philippines and Puerto Rico. The court ruled that
constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions and that the
power to decide whether or not to grant such rights belonged to Congress. (p. 416)
international Darwinism - ANS-Darwin's concept of the survival of the fittest was applied not
only to competition in the business world but also to competition among nations. Therefore,
expansionist wanted the U.S. to demonstrate its strength by acquiring territories overseas.
(p. 410)
intervention in Nicaragua - ANS-In 1912, President Taft sent military troops here when a civil
war broke out. (p. 420)
invade the Philippines - ANS-Commodore George Dewey led a U.S. fleet to the Philippines
where he defeated Spain. (p. 414)
