AMSCO AP US History Chapter 23
21st Amendment - ANS-The amendment which ended the prohibition of alcohol in the United
States, it repealed the 18th amendment. (p. 485)
Al Capone - ANS-A famous Chicago gangster who fought for control of the lucrative
bootlegging (liquor) trade. (p. 484)
Albert Fall - ANS-Secretary of the Interior during Harding's administration. He was convicted
of accepting bribes for granting oil leases near Teapot Dome, Wyoming. (p. 476)
Alfred E. Smith - ANS-He was the Democratic presidential candidate in the 1928 presidential
election. He was the former governor of New York and his opponent in the presidential race
was Republican Herbert Hoover. As a Roman Catholic and opponent of Prohibition, he
appealed to immigrant urban voters. (p. 477)
Andrew Mellon - ANS-A Pittsburgh industrialist and millionaire who was appointed secretary
of the treasury by President Harding in 1921 and served under Coolidge and Hoover. (p.
476)
Art Deco - ANS-The 1920's modernistic art style that captured modernistic simplification of
forms, while using machine age materials. (p. 482)
assembly line - ANS-In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to
worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. (p. 478)
Back to Africa movement - ANS-Encouraged those of African descent to return to Africa. (p.
483)
Bessie Smith - ANS-A leading 1920s African American blues singer from Harlem. (p. 483)
Birth of a Nation - ANS-A popular silent film, which portrayed the KKK during Reconstruction
as heros. (p. 486)
black pride - ANS-Many African American leaders agreed with Marcus Garvey's ideas on
racial pride and self-respect. This influenced another generation in the 1960s. (p. 483)
blacks, Catholics and Jews - ANS-The KKK directed hostility toward these groups in the
North. (p. 486)
Bureau of the Budget - ANS-Formed in 1921, this bureau created procedures for all
government expenditures to be placed in a single budget for Congress to annually review
and vote on. (p. 476)
business prosperity - ANS-From 1919 to 1929, manufacturing output rose a spectacular 64
percent due to increased productivity, energy technologies, and governmental policy which
favored the growth of big business. (p. 478)
Calvin Coolidge - ANS-As vice president, he became president when Warren Harding died in
August 1923. He won the presidential election of 1924, but declined to run in 1928. He was a
Republican who believed in limited government. He summarized his presidency and his era
with the phrase: "The business of America is business". (p. 477)
Charles Evans Hughes - ANS-A former presidential candidate and Supreme Court justice
who was appointed secretary of state by President Warren G. Harding. (p. 476)
Clarence Darrow - ANS-A famed criminal defense lawyer, he defended John Scopes, a
teacher who taught evolution in his Tennessee classroom. (p. 484)
Claude McKay - ANS-A leading 1920s African American poet from Harlem. (p. 483)
, consumer culture - ANS-In the 1920s, many writers were disillusioned with the materialism
of the business oriented culture. (p. 481)
consumerism - ANS-In the 1920s, consumerism was fueled by: homes with electricity,
electrical appliances, affordable automobiles, increased advertising, and purchasing on
credit. (p. 478)
Countee Cullen - ANS-A leading 1920s African American poet from Harlem. (p. 483)
Dawes Plan - ANS-A 1924 plan, created by Charles Dawes in which the United States banks
would lend large sums to Germany. Germany would use the money to rebuild its economy
and pay reparations to Great Britain and France. Then Great Britain and France would pay
their war debts to the United States. After the 1929 stock market crash, the loans to
Germany stopped. (p. 488)
disarmament - ANS-Republican presidents of the 1920s tried to promote peace and also to
scale back defense expenditures by arranging disarmament treaties (reduction in military
equipment). (p. 486)
Duke Ellington - ANS-A leading 1920s African American jazz great from Harlem. (p. 483)
Edward Hopper - ANS-A twentieth-century American painter, whose stark realistic paintings
often convey a mood of solitude and isolation in common urban settings. (p. 482)
electric appliances - ANS-In the 1920s, refrigerators, stoves, vacuum cleaners, and washing
machines became very popular as prices dropped due to reduced production costs and as
electrical power to run them became more available. (p. 478)
Ernest Hemingway - ANS-One of the most popular writers of the 1920s, he wrote "A
Farewell to Arms". (p. 481)
Eugene O'Neill - ANS-An American playwright of the 1920s. (p. 481)
Ezra Pound - ANS-Expatriate American poet and critic of the 1920s. (p. 481)
F. Scott Fitzgerald - ANS-A novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. His wife, Zelda and he
were the "couple" of the decade. His novel, "The Great Gatsby" is considered a masterpiece
about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl. (p. 481)
Five-Power Naval Treaty - ANS-A 1922 treaty resulting from the Washington Armaments
Conference that limited to a specific ratio the carrier and battleship tonnage of each nation.
The five countries involved were: United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. (p.
487)
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act - ANS-This tariff passed in 1922, raised tariffs on foreign
manufactured goods by 25 percent. It helped domestic manufacturers, but limited foreign
trade, and was one cause of the Great Depression of 1929. (p. 476, 488)
foreigners and Communists - ANS-During the 1920s, widespread disillusionment with World
War I, communism in the Soviet Union, and Europe's post war problems made Americans
fearful of being pulled into another foreign war. (p. 486)
Frederick Lewis Allen - ANS-In 1931, he wrote "Only Yesterday", a popular history book that
portrayed the 1920s as a period of narrow-minded materialism. (p. 489)
fundamentalism - ANS-A Protestant Christian movement emphasizing the literal truth of the
Bible and opposing religious modernism (p. 483)
George Gershwin - ANS-He was the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants. He blended jazz
and classical music to produce "Rhapsody in Blue" and folk opera "Porgy and Bess". (p.
482)
Gertrude Stein - ANS-American writer of experimental novels, poetry, essays, operas, and
plays. She called the disillusioned writers of the 1920s, a "lost generation". (p. 481)
Grant Wood - ANS-An American Regional artist who focused on rural scenes in Iowa. He is
best known for his painting "American Gothic". (p. 482)
21st Amendment - ANS-The amendment which ended the prohibition of alcohol in the United
States, it repealed the 18th amendment. (p. 485)
Al Capone - ANS-A famous Chicago gangster who fought for control of the lucrative
bootlegging (liquor) trade. (p. 484)
Albert Fall - ANS-Secretary of the Interior during Harding's administration. He was convicted
of accepting bribes for granting oil leases near Teapot Dome, Wyoming. (p. 476)
Alfred E. Smith - ANS-He was the Democratic presidential candidate in the 1928 presidential
election. He was the former governor of New York and his opponent in the presidential race
was Republican Herbert Hoover. As a Roman Catholic and opponent of Prohibition, he
appealed to immigrant urban voters. (p. 477)
Andrew Mellon - ANS-A Pittsburgh industrialist and millionaire who was appointed secretary
of the treasury by President Harding in 1921 and served under Coolidge and Hoover. (p.
476)
Art Deco - ANS-The 1920's modernistic art style that captured modernistic simplification of
forms, while using machine age materials. (p. 482)
assembly line - ANS-In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to
worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. (p. 478)
Back to Africa movement - ANS-Encouraged those of African descent to return to Africa. (p.
483)
Bessie Smith - ANS-A leading 1920s African American blues singer from Harlem. (p. 483)
Birth of a Nation - ANS-A popular silent film, which portrayed the KKK during Reconstruction
as heros. (p. 486)
black pride - ANS-Many African American leaders agreed with Marcus Garvey's ideas on
racial pride and self-respect. This influenced another generation in the 1960s. (p. 483)
blacks, Catholics and Jews - ANS-The KKK directed hostility toward these groups in the
North. (p. 486)
Bureau of the Budget - ANS-Formed in 1921, this bureau created procedures for all
government expenditures to be placed in a single budget for Congress to annually review
and vote on. (p. 476)
business prosperity - ANS-From 1919 to 1929, manufacturing output rose a spectacular 64
percent due to increased productivity, energy technologies, and governmental policy which
favored the growth of big business. (p. 478)
Calvin Coolidge - ANS-As vice president, he became president when Warren Harding died in
August 1923. He won the presidential election of 1924, but declined to run in 1928. He was a
Republican who believed in limited government. He summarized his presidency and his era
with the phrase: "The business of America is business". (p. 477)
Charles Evans Hughes - ANS-A former presidential candidate and Supreme Court justice
who was appointed secretary of state by President Warren G. Harding. (p. 476)
Clarence Darrow - ANS-A famed criminal defense lawyer, he defended John Scopes, a
teacher who taught evolution in his Tennessee classroom. (p. 484)
Claude McKay - ANS-A leading 1920s African American poet from Harlem. (p. 483)
, consumer culture - ANS-In the 1920s, many writers were disillusioned with the materialism
of the business oriented culture. (p. 481)
consumerism - ANS-In the 1920s, consumerism was fueled by: homes with electricity,
electrical appliances, affordable automobiles, increased advertising, and purchasing on
credit. (p. 478)
Countee Cullen - ANS-A leading 1920s African American poet from Harlem. (p. 483)
Dawes Plan - ANS-A 1924 plan, created by Charles Dawes in which the United States banks
would lend large sums to Germany. Germany would use the money to rebuild its economy
and pay reparations to Great Britain and France. Then Great Britain and France would pay
their war debts to the United States. After the 1929 stock market crash, the loans to
Germany stopped. (p. 488)
disarmament - ANS-Republican presidents of the 1920s tried to promote peace and also to
scale back defense expenditures by arranging disarmament treaties (reduction in military
equipment). (p. 486)
Duke Ellington - ANS-A leading 1920s African American jazz great from Harlem. (p. 483)
Edward Hopper - ANS-A twentieth-century American painter, whose stark realistic paintings
often convey a mood of solitude and isolation in common urban settings. (p. 482)
electric appliances - ANS-In the 1920s, refrigerators, stoves, vacuum cleaners, and washing
machines became very popular as prices dropped due to reduced production costs and as
electrical power to run them became more available. (p. 478)
Ernest Hemingway - ANS-One of the most popular writers of the 1920s, he wrote "A
Farewell to Arms". (p. 481)
Eugene O'Neill - ANS-An American playwright of the 1920s. (p. 481)
Ezra Pound - ANS-Expatriate American poet and critic of the 1920s. (p. 481)
F. Scott Fitzgerald - ANS-A novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. His wife, Zelda and he
were the "couple" of the decade. His novel, "The Great Gatsby" is considered a masterpiece
about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl. (p. 481)
Five-Power Naval Treaty - ANS-A 1922 treaty resulting from the Washington Armaments
Conference that limited to a specific ratio the carrier and battleship tonnage of each nation.
The five countries involved were: United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. (p.
487)
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act - ANS-This tariff passed in 1922, raised tariffs on foreign
manufactured goods by 25 percent. It helped domestic manufacturers, but limited foreign
trade, and was one cause of the Great Depression of 1929. (p. 476, 488)
foreigners and Communists - ANS-During the 1920s, widespread disillusionment with World
War I, communism in the Soviet Union, and Europe's post war problems made Americans
fearful of being pulled into another foreign war. (p. 486)
Frederick Lewis Allen - ANS-In 1931, he wrote "Only Yesterday", a popular history book that
portrayed the 1920s as a period of narrow-minded materialism. (p. 489)
fundamentalism - ANS-A Protestant Christian movement emphasizing the literal truth of the
Bible and opposing religious modernism (p. 483)
George Gershwin - ANS-He was the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants. He blended jazz
and classical music to produce "Rhapsody in Blue" and folk opera "Porgy and Bess". (p.
482)
Gertrude Stein - ANS-American writer of experimental novels, poetry, essays, operas, and
plays. She called the disillusioned writers of the 1920s, a "lost generation". (p. 481)
Grant Wood - ANS-An American Regional artist who focused on rural scenes in Iowa. He is
best known for his painting "American Gothic". (p. 482)
