Solutions for Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 13th Edition by William Navidi.pdf

STATISTICS FOR
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SCIENTISTS AN
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D ENGINEERS
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,STATISTICS FOR V V




SCIENTISTS AND V V




ENGINEERS


RAMALINGAMVSHANMUGAMVR
AJANVCHATTAMVELLI

,CopyrightV©V2015VbyVJohnVWileyV&VSons,VInc.VAllVrightsVreserved

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LibraryVofVCongressVCataloging-in-PublicationVData:


Shanmugam,VRamalingam.
StatisticsVforVscientistsVandVengineersV/VRamalingamVShanmugam,VRajanVChattamv
elli.V pagesVcm
IncludesVbibliographicalVreferencesVandVindex.V I
SBNV978-1-118-22896-8V(cloth)
1. MathematicalVstatistics.V I.VChattamvelli,VRajan.VII.VTit
le.V QA276.S456V2015
519.5–dc23
2015004898



PrintedVinVtheVUnitedVStatesVofVAmericaV 1 0 9 8 7 6
54321V

1V V 2015

, CONTENTS




Preface xv
AboutVTheVCompanionVWebsite xxi

1 DescriptiveV Statistics 1
1.1 Introduction,V 1
1.2 StatisticsVasVAVScientificVDiscipline,V 3
1.2.1 ScalesVofVMeasurement,V 4
1.3 TheVNOIRVScale,V 6
1.3.1 TheVNominalVScale,V 6
1.3.2 TheVOrdinalVScale,V 6
1.3.3 TheVIntervalVScale,V 7
1.3.4 TheVRatioVScale,V 7
1.4 PopulationVVersusVSample,V 8
1.4.1 ParameterVVersusVStatistic,V 9
1.5 CombinationVNotation,V 11
1.6 SummationVNotation,V 11
1.6.1 NestedVSums,V 12
1.6.2 IncrementVStepVSizes,V 14
1.7 ProductVNotation,V 19
1.7.1 EvaluatingVLargeVPowers,V 20
1.8 RisingVandVFallingVFactorials,V 22
1.9 MomentsVandVCumulants,V 22
1.10 DataVTransformations,V 23