1
Diabetes Mellitus Nursing Test Bank
R
Diabetes Mellitus NCLEX Challenge Exam (Quiz #1: 25 Questions)
E
1. Question1 point(s)
H
Knowing that gluconeogenesis helps to maintain blood glucose levels, a nurse should:
IG
A. Document weight changes because of fatty acid mobilization.
GH
B. Evaluate the patient’s sensitivity to low room temperatures because of decreased
adipose tissue insulation.
IN
C. Protect the patient from sources of infection because of decreased cellular protein
deposits.
LY
D. Do all of the above.
F
.
Correct answer: D. Do all of the above
All measures ensure gluconeogenesis in maintaining glucose homeostasis. The
purpose of gluconeogenesis is to maintain blood glucose levels during a fast. In the
, 2
human body, some tissues rely almost exclusively on glucose as a metabolic fuel
source.
R
Option A: Fatty acid oxidation is indispensable for gluconeogenesis; although fatty acid
E
carbon cannot be used for glucose, fat oxidation provides both an energy source (ATP)
to support gluconeogenesis and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to activate pyruvate
H
carboxylase.
IG
Option B: Cold exposure is associated with hypothalamic signals to constrict the
peripheral blood vessels, minimize sweat production, and increase metabolic heat
H
production (i.e., shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis) during prolonged and/or
G
severe cold exposure to prevent dangerous drops in core temperature.
N
Option C: A protein deficit can also take its toll on the immune system. Impaired
I
immune function may increase the risk or severity of infections, a common symptom of
Y
severe protein deficiency.
L
2. Question1 point(s)
F
The nurse is admitting a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse
should expect the following symptoms during an assessment, except:
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Frequent bruising
, 3
C. Ketonuria
D. Dry mouth
.
R
Correct answer: A. Hypoglycemia
HE
Hypoglycemia does not occur in type 2 diabetes unless the patient is on insulin therapy
IG
or taking other diabetes medication. In T2DM, the response to insulin is diminished, and
this is defined as insulin resistance. During this state, insulin is ineffective and is initially
H
countered by an increase in insulin production to maintain glucose homeostasis, but
G
over time, insulin production decreases, resulting in T2DM.
IN
Option B: Type 2 diabetes can affect blood circulation which makes it easier for the skin
Y
to bruise. Decreased blood flow to the area surrounding an injury prevents a wound
L
from healing properly, resulting in the development of bruise-like lesions or spots.
F
Option C: The presence of ketones in the urine happens due to a lack of available
insulin. T1DM patients can often present with ketoacidosis (DKA) coma as the first
manifestation in about 30% of patients.
Option D: Losing a lot of fluids caused by frequent urination can lead to dehydration
hence patients can develop dry mouth. People with diabetes are prone to dehydration.
, 4
In those with diabetes, a person’s blood glucose levels can become too high. The term
for this is hyperglycemia, and it can cause a person to experience dry mouth.
3. Question1 point(s)
R
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test measures the average blood glucose control of
E
an individual over the previous three months. Which of the following values is
considered a diagnosis of pre-diabetes?
GH
I
A. 6.5-7%
H
B. 5.7-6.4%
G
C. 5-5.6%
N
D. >5.6%
Correct
YI
L
Correct Answer: B. 5.7-6.4%
F
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels between 5.7%-6.4% are considered as pre-diabetes.
The hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c, or A1c)
test is used to evaluate a person’s level of glucose control. The test shows an average
of the blood sugar level over the past 90 days and represents a percentage. Anyone
with an HbA1c value of 5.7 % to 6.4 % is considered to be prediabetic
Diabetes Mellitus Nursing Test Bank
R
Diabetes Mellitus NCLEX Challenge Exam (Quiz #1: 25 Questions)
E
1. Question1 point(s)
H
Knowing that gluconeogenesis helps to maintain blood glucose levels, a nurse should:
IG
A. Document weight changes because of fatty acid mobilization.
GH
B. Evaluate the patient’s sensitivity to low room temperatures because of decreased
adipose tissue insulation.
IN
C. Protect the patient from sources of infection because of decreased cellular protein
deposits.
LY
D. Do all of the above.
F
.
Correct answer: D. Do all of the above
All measures ensure gluconeogenesis in maintaining glucose homeostasis. The
purpose of gluconeogenesis is to maintain blood glucose levels during a fast. In the
, 2
human body, some tissues rely almost exclusively on glucose as a metabolic fuel
source.
R
Option A: Fatty acid oxidation is indispensable for gluconeogenesis; although fatty acid
E
carbon cannot be used for glucose, fat oxidation provides both an energy source (ATP)
to support gluconeogenesis and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to activate pyruvate
H
carboxylase.
IG
Option B: Cold exposure is associated with hypothalamic signals to constrict the
peripheral blood vessels, minimize sweat production, and increase metabolic heat
H
production (i.e., shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis) during prolonged and/or
G
severe cold exposure to prevent dangerous drops in core temperature.
N
Option C: A protein deficit can also take its toll on the immune system. Impaired
I
immune function may increase the risk or severity of infections, a common symptom of
Y
severe protein deficiency.
L
2. Question1 point(s)
F
The nurse is admitting a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse
should expect the following symptoms during an assessment, except:
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Frequent bruising
, 3
C. Ketonuria
D. Dry mouth
.
R
Correct answer: A. Hypoglycemia
HE
Hypoglycemia does not occur in type 2 diabetes unless the patient is on insulin therapy
IG
or taking other diabetes medication. In T2DM, the response to insulin is diminished, and
this is defined as insulin resistance. During this state, insulin is ineffective and is initially
H
countered by an increase in insulin production to maintain glucose homeostasis, but
G
over time, insulin production decreases, resulting in T2DM.
IN
Option B: Type 2 diabetes can affect blood circulation which makes it easier for the skin
Y
to bruise. Decreased blood flow to the area surrounding an injury prevents a wound
L
from healing properly, resulting in the development of bruise-like lesions or spots.
F
Option C: The presence of ketones in the urine happens due to a lack of available
insulin. T1DM patients can often present with ketoacidosis (DKA) coma as the first
manifestation in about 30% of patients.
Option D: Losing a lot of fluids caused by frequent urination can lead to dehydration
hence patients can develop dry mouth. People with diabetes are prone to dehydration.
, 4
In those with diabetes, a person’s blood glucose levels can become too high. The term
for this is hyperglycemia, and it can cause a person to experience dry mouth.
3. Question1 point(s)
R
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test measures the average blood glucose control of
E
an individual over the previous three months. Which of the following values is
considered a diagnosis of pre-diabetes?
GH
I
A. 6.5-7%
H
B. 5.7-6.4%
G
C. 5-5.6%
N
D. >5.6%
Correct
YI
L
Correct Answer: B. 5.7-6.4%
F
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels between 5.7%-6.4% are considered as pre-diabetes.
The hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c, or A1c)
test is used to evaluate a person’s level of glucose control. The test shows an average
of the blood sugar level over the past 90 days and represents a percentage. Anyone
with an HbA1c value of 5.7 % to 6.4 % is considered to be prediabetic
