©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
Personality Psychology: Chapter 14 Personality
Processes Exam 3 Questions With Correct
Answers 100% Verified.
Learning-Based Approaches: Two Simple Ideas - Answer✔•Stimuli that occur close together in
time will come to elicit the same response.
•Behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes tend to be repeated; behaviors followed by
unpleasant outcomes tend to be dropped.
*Stimuli that occur close together in time will come to elicit the same response; for example, air
puffs and a bell ringing will both elicit blinking.*
Learning - Answer✔the change of behavior as a result or function of experience.
- explain personality in terms of the learning process
- implies everyone should behave the same in the same environment or situation
Behaviorism Definition - Answer✔study of how a person's behavior is a direct result of his
environment, particularly the rewards and punishments that the environment contains
Components of Behaviorism - Answer✔- people should be studied from the outside
- personality is the sum of everything a person does
- Belief that the causes of behavior can be directly observed
- Goal: functional analysis
- Everything a person does and is, is learned though experience
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
Behaviorism: People should be studied from the outside - Answer✔All knowledge worth having
comes from direct, public observation; introspection is not valid because it cannot be verified;
environment is what's important.
Behaviorism: Personality is the sum of everything a person does - Answer✔does not include
anything that cannot be directly observed (traits, unconscious conflicts, etc.); internal processes
are not seen as important
Behaviorism: Belief that the causes of behavior can be directly observed - Answer✔because the
causes are in the environment (rewards and punishments in the physical and social world)
Functional analysis definition - Answer✔determining how behavior is a function of one's
environment
Habituation - Answer✔a decrease in responsiveness with each repeated exposure to
something.
- Simplest form of behavior change
- it can have important consequences
The impact of major life events lessens over time
Important Consequences of Habituation - Answer✔Become numb to violence displayed in the
media: exposure is related to more aggression and less empath
Effects of habitation on happiness or sadness overtime? - Answer✔(and there is evidence that
this decreases helping behavior), winning the lottery (winners are not happier in the long run),
and being paralyzed (people are not less happy in the long run).
Classical Conditioning - Answer✔the kind of learning in which an unconditioned response that is
naturally elicited by one stimulus becomes elicited also by a new, conditioned stimulus
How classical conditioning works - Answer✔- Pavolv's dog
- Learning that one stimulus is a warning or signal for another
- Stimulus-response (S-R) conception of personality:
Classical conditioning affects normally involuntary processes - Answer✔insulin release, speed of
heartbeat, nausea, opponent processes that lessen the effects of drugs, and so on.
Learned Helplessness - Answer✔belief that nothing one does really matters; occurs when
events seem to happen randomly and cannot be predicted; produces anxiety and depression
Stimulus-response (S-R) conception of personality - Answer✔Personality is our learned
repertoire of S-R associations; people are unique because they have different learning histories.
2
Personality Psychology: Chapter 14 Personality
Processes Exam 3 Questions With Correct
Answers 100% Verified.
Learning-Based Approaches: Two Simple Ideas - Answer✔•Stimuli that occur close together in
time will come to elicit the same response.
•Behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes tend to be repeated; behaviors followed by
unpleasant outcomes tend to be dropped.
*Stimuli that occur close together in time will come to elicit the same response; for example, air
puffs and a bell ringing will both elicit blinking.*
Learning - Answer✔the change of behavior as a result or function of experience.
- explain personality in terms of the learning process
- implies everyone should behave the same in the same environment or situation
Behaviorism Definition - Answer✔study of how a person's behavior is a direct result of his
environment, particularly the rewards and punishments that the environment contains
Components of Behaviorism - Answer✔- people should be studied from the outside
- personality is the sum of everything a person does
- Belief that the causes of behavior can be directly observed
- Goal: functional analysis
- Everything a person does and is, is learned though experience
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
Behaviorism: People should be studied from the outside - Answer✔All knowledge worth having
comes from direct, public observation; introspection is not valid because it cannot be verified;
environment is what's important.
Behaviorism: Personality is the sum of everything a person does - Answer✔does not include
anything that cannot be directly observed (traits, unconscious conflicts, etc.); internal processes
are not seen as important
Behaviorism: Belief that the causes of behavior can be directly observed - Answer✔because the
causes are in the environment (rewards and punishments in the physical and social world)
Functional analysis definition - Answer✔determining how behavior is a function of one's
environment
Habituation - Answer✔a decrease in responsiveness with each repeated exposure to
something.
- Simplest form of behavior change
- it can have important consequences
The impact of major life events lessens over time
Important Consequences of Habituation - Answer✔Become numb to violence displayed in the
media: exposure is related to more aggression and less empath
Effects of habitation on happiness or sadness overtime? - Answer✔(and there is evidence that
this decreases helping behavior), winning the lottery (winners are not happier in the long run),
and being paralyzed (people are not less happy in the long run).
Classical Conditioning - Answer✔the kind of learning in which an unconditioned response that is
naturally elicited by one stimulus becomes elicited also by a new, conditioned stimulus
How classical conditioning works - Answer✔- Pavolv's dog
- Learning that one stimulus is a warning or signal for another
- Stimulus-response (S-R) conception of personality:
Classical conditioning affects normally involuntary processes - Answer✔insulin release, speed of
heartbeat, nausea, opponent processes that lessen the effects of drugs, and so on.
Learned Helplessness - Answer✔belief that nothing one does really matters; occurs when
events seem to happen randomly and cannot be predicted; produces anxiety and depression
Stimulus-response (S-R) conception of personality - Answer✔Personality is our learned
repertoire of S-R associations; people are unique because they have different learning histories.
2
