TEST BANK
Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research
James A. Fain
7th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Introduction to Nursing Research 1
Chapter 02 Differentiating Types of Scholarship 8
Chapter 03 Understanding the Research Process and Ethical Issues in Nursing Research 15
Chapter 04 Understanding Evidence-Based Practice 22
Chapter 05 Selecting and Defining a Problem 29
Chapter 06 Applying Appropriate Theories and Conceptual Models 36
Chapter 07 Formulating Hypotheses and Research Questions 43
Chapter 08 Selecting the Sample and Setting 49
Chapter 09 Selecting a Quantitative Research Design 56
Chapter 10 Selecting a Qualitative Research Design 63
Chapter 11 Data Collection Methods 69
Chapter 12 Principles of Measurement 76
Chapter 13 Analyzing Data 83
Chapter 14 Interpreting and Reporting Research Findings 90
Chapter 15 Critical Appraisal of Research Reports 97
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Quantitative research uses the following methods of data collection except:
a. Surveys
b. Questionnaires
c. Participant observation
d. Psychosocial instruments
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Quantitative nursing research uses traditional quantitative
approaches, including surveys.
B This is incorrect. Quantitative nursing research uses traditional quantitative
approaches, including questionnaires.
C This is correct. Quantitative nursing research uses approaches that can be
quantified. Participant observation is used in qualitative research.
D This is incorrect. The use of psychosocial instruments is a quantitative method
that can be used in combination with interviews and observations to study a
particularly complex phenomenon.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 7
2. Knowledge is information acquired in a variety of different ways. Methods used to acquire
this knowledge are referred to as:
a. Scientific integrity
b. Scientific rigor
c. Triangulation
d. Ways of knowing
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Scientific integrity refers to the ethical principles used in
scientific research.
B This is incorrect. Scientific rigor refers to the discipline, scrupulous adherence to
detail, and strict accuracy in scientific research.
C This is incorrect. Triangulation is the use of qualitative and quantitative methods
to collect data about a particular phenomenon.
D This is correct. Methods used to acquire new knowledge are ways of knowing.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 5
3. When a researcher uses a qualitative and quantitative approach to collecting data, this is
referred to as:
a. Scientific integrity
b. Scientific rigor
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
c. Triangulation
d. Ways of knowing
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Scientific integrity refers to the ethical principles used in
scientific research.
B This is incorrect. Rigor refers to the discipline, scrupulous adherence to detail,
and strict accuracy in scientific research.
C This is correct. Triangulation refers to the use of both quantitative and
qualitative methods to collect data.
D This is incorrect. Methods used to acquire new knowledge are ways of knowing.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 7
4. A type of research method emphasizing the meaning of an experience is called:
a. Qualitative
b. Quantitative
c. Scientific integrity
d. Scientific method
ANS: A
Feedback
A This is correct. A research method that emphasizes the meaning of experience is
qualitative research.
B This is incorrect. Quantitative research is an approach for generating knowledge
based on determining how much of a given behavior, characteristic, or
phenomenon is present.
C This is incorrect. Scientific integrity refers to the ethical principles used in
scientific research.
D This is incorrect. Scientific method is a systematic research process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 7
5. A group of individuals who collaborate on the development of an idea and participate in the
design and production of a study is referred to as a:
a. Research consumer
b. Research team
c. Principal investigator
d. Consultant
ANS: B
Feedback
A This is incorrect. A research consumer is a reader of nursing research whose
objective is applying findings to nursing practice or using the findings to conduct
further research.
B This is correct. A research team is a group of people who collaborate on the
development of an idea and participate in the design and production of a study.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
C This is incorrect. A group of people who collaborate on a research project from
the beginning until the dissemination of findings is a research team.
D This is incorrect. A research team collaborates on a research project from the
beginning to the dissemination of findings.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 9
6. An example of a specialty journal is:
a. Nursing Research
b. Research in Nursing and Health
c. Oncology Nursing Forum
d. Western Journal of Nursing Research
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Research journals are devoted to the publication of nursing
research studies. Specialty journals narrow the focus to research on a particular
type of nursing.
B This is incorrect. Specialty research journals are devoted to a specific type of
nursing.
C This is correct. Specialty journals are devoted to a specific type of nursing.
Oncology Nursing Forum is an example of a specialty journal.
D This is incorrect. A specialty journal is devoted to a specific type of nursing
research.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 11
7. Research that is done to examine findings of another researcher using the same variables but
different subjects is referred to as:
a. Exploration
b. Replication
c. Empiricism
d. Rigor
ANS: B
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Examining the findings of another researcher using the same
variables but different subjects is referred to as replication.
B This is correct. Research that is done to examine findings of another researcher
using the same variables but different subjects is referred to as replication.
C This is incorrect. Replication is the ability of researchers to repeat a study using
the same variables with different subjects.
D This is incorrect. The ability of researchers to examine the findings of other
researchers using the same variables but with different subjects is called
replication, while rigor is striving for excellence by involving discipline,
adherence to detail, and strict accuracy.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 6
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
8. Documenting objective data through direct observation is referred to as:
a. Scientific inquiry
b. Replication
c. Empirical data
d. Triangulation
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Scientific inquiry is the process of critically analyzing data that
have been gathered systematically about a particular phenomenon.
B This is incorrect. Replication is the ability of researchers to repeat a study using
the same variables with different subjects.
C This is correct. Empirical data refers to documenting objective data through
direct observation.
D This is incorrect. Triangulation refers to the use of both quantitative and
qualitative methods to collect data.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 6
9. Nursing practice that relies on evidence from research and integrates those findings into
clinical thinking and decision making is called:
a. Nursing science
b. Evidence-based practice
c. Scientific inquiry
d. Scientific method
ANS: B
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Nursing science is the body of knowledge unique to the
discipline of nursing.
B This is correct. Nursing practice that relies on evidence from research and
integrates those findings into clinical thinking and decision making is
evidence-based practice.
C This is incorrect. Scientific inquiry is the process of critically analyzing data that
have been gathered systematically about a particular phenomenon.
D This is incorrect. Scientific method is a systematic research process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 5
10. Which guideline for authoring a paper for publication is incorrect?
a. Colleagues should be consulted when parties disagree on authorship matters.
b. Avoid duplicate and fragmented publications.
c. Authors should provide additional information as requested by editors.
d. The principal investigator takes sole responsibility for the final manuscript.
ANS: D
Feedback
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
A This is incorrect. Colleagues should be consulted when parties disagree on
authorship matters.
B This is incorrect. Duplicate and fragmented publications should be avoided.
C This is incorrect. Authors should provide additional information as requested by
editors.
D This is correct. All authors review the final manuscript and take responsibility
for the work.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 11
11. Which nursing degree program has a focus on planning and launching independent programs
of research?
a. Baccalaureate degree in nursing
b. Master’s degree in nursing
c. Practice-focused doctoral program
d. Research-focused doctoral program
ANS: D
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Baccalaureate programs focus on the ability to read,
understand, interpret, and apply research findings to clinical practice.
B This is incorrect. Master’s degree programs have a focus on evaluating research
findings.
C This is incorrect. Practice-focused doctoral programs focus on translating
scientific knowledge into complex clinical interventions tailored to meet
individual, family, and community health and illness needs.
D This is correct. An element of research-focused doctoral programs is planning
and launching independent research programs.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 8
12. At a minimum, the nurse as research consumer is expected to:
a. Gather data through direct observation.
b. Read and evaluate research projects.
c. Author research papers for publication.
d. Participate in the design and production of a study.
ANS: B
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Nurses with advanced degrees may be expected to gather data
through observation; however, at a minimum, nurses are expected to have the
ability to read and evaluate research reports.
B This is correct. The role of the research consumer includes the ability to read and
evaluate research reports. Nurses are increasingly expected to maintain this level
of involvement with research.
C This is incorrect. Nurses with advanced degrees may author research papers for
publication; however, at a minimum, nurses are expected to read and evaluate
research reports.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
D This is incorrect. Nurses with advanced degrees may participate in the design
and production of a study; however, at a minimum, nurses should be able to read
and evaluate research reports.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 9
13. Striving for excellence in research with discipline, adherence to detail, and strict accuracy is
called:
a. Rigor
b. Triangulation
c. Replication
d. Scientific inquiry
ANS: A
Feedback
A This is correct. Rigor is the striving for excellence in research that involves
discipline, scrupulous adherence to detail, and strict accuracy.
B This is incorrect. Triangulation is the use of quantitative and qualitative data
methods to collect data about a particular phenomenon.
C This is incorrect. Replication is the ability of researchers to repeat a study using
the same variables and methods or slight variations of them.
D This is incorrect. Scientific inquiry is the process of critically analyzing data that
have been gathered systematically about a particular phenomenon.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 7
14. A systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues important to nursing is
called:
a. Scientific method
b. Evidence-based practice
c. Nursing research
d. Nursing science
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Scientific method is a systematic research process.
B This is incorrect. Evidence-based practice is using research findings to direct
clinical care.
C This is correct. Nursing research is a systematic inquiry designed to develop
knowledge about issues important to nursing.
D This is incorrect. Nursing science is the body of knowledge that is unique to the
discipline of nursing.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 6
15. Which characteristic is unique to the scientific method and not associated with other ways of
learning information?
a. Objectivity
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
b. Personal bias
c. Subjectivity
d. Logical reasoning
ANS: A
Feedback
A This is correct. Objectivity and the use of empirical data are unique to the
scientific method and not associated with other ways of knowing.
B This is incorrect. Personal bias is associated with other ways of learning.
C This is incorrect. Subjectivity is associated with other ways of learning.
D This is incorrect. Logical reasoning is associated with other ways of learning.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 6
______________________________________________________________________________________________
7|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
Chapter 2: Differentiating Types of Scholarship: Quality Improvement,
Evidence-Based Practice, and Research
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Graduates of practice-focused doctorates in nursing (DNP) come out of school having a
stronger emphasis on:
a. Using research methodologies
b. Identifying appropriate statistical analyses
c. Evaluating health-care outcomes
d. Identifying types of research designs
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Graduates of research-focused doctoral programs in nursing
(PhD) have a stronger emphasis on use of research methodologies.
B This is incorrect. Graduates of research-focused doctoral programs in nursing
(PhD) have a stronger emphasis on identifying appropriate statistical analyses.
C This is correct. Graduates of practice-focused doctoral programs in nursing
(DNP) have a stronger emphasis on evaluating health outcomes.
D This is incorrect. Graduates of research-focused doctoral programs in nursing
(PhD) have a stronger emphasis on identifying types of research designs.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 20
2. The type of scholarship that generates or expands existing knowledge within a discipline is
called:
a. Scholarship of discovery
b. Scholarship of integration
c. Scholarship of application
d. Scholarship of teaching
ANS: A
Feedback
A This is correct. Scholarship of discovery generates or expands existing
knowledge within a discipline.
B This is incorrect. Scholarship of integration is the synthesis of information across
disciplines that makes connections and shapes a more coherent and integrated
use of knowledge.
C This is incorrect. Scholarship of application advances clinical knowledge and
involves translation of research into practice.
D This is incorrect. Scholarship of teaching is the systematic study of teaching and
learning processes.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 21
______________________________________________________________________________________________
8|Page
Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research
James A. Fain
7th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Introduction to Nursing Research 1
Chapter 02 Differentiating Types of Scholarship 8
Chapter 03 Understanding the Research Process and Ethical Issues in Nursing Research 15
Chapter 04 Understanding Evidence-Based Practice 22
Chapter 05 Selecting and Defining a Problem 29
Chapter 06 Applying Appropriate Theories and Conceptual Models 36
Chapter 07 Formulating Hypotheses and Research Questions 43
Chapter 08 Selecting the Sample and Setting 49
Chapter 09 Selecting a Quantitative Research Design 56
Chapter 10 Selecting a Qualitative Research Design 63
Chapter 11 Data Collection Methods 69
Chapter 12 Principles of Measurement 76
Chapter 13 Analyzing Data 83
Chapter 14 Interpreting and Reporting Research Findings 90
Chapter 15 Critical Appraisal of Research Reports 97
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Quantitative research uses the following methods of data collection except:
a. Surveys
b. Questionnaires
c. Participant observation
d. Psychosocial instruments
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Quantitative nursing research uses traditional quantitative
approaches, including surveys.
B This is incorrect. Quantitative nursing research uses traditional quantitative
approaches, including questionnaires.
C This is correct. Quantitative nursing research uses approaches that can be
quantified. Participant observation is used in qualitative research.
D This is incorrect. The use of psychosocial instruments is a quantitative method
that can be used in combination with interviews and observations to study a
particularly complex phenomenon.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 7
2. Knowledge is information acquired in a variety of different ways. Methods used to acquire
this knowledge are referred to as:
a. Scientific integrity
b. Scientific rigor
c. Triangulation
d. Ways of knowing
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Scientific integrity refers to the ethical principles used in
scientific research.
B This is incorrect. Scientific rigor refers to the discipline, scrupulous adherence to
detail, and strict accuracy in scientific research.
C This is incorrect. Triangulation is the use of qualitative and quantitative methods
to collect data about a particular phenomenon.
D This is correct. Methods used to acquire new knowledge are ways of knowing.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 5
3. When a researcher uses a qualitative and quantitative approach to collecting data, this is
referred to as:
a. Scientific integrity
b. Scientific rigor
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
c. Triangulation
d. Ways of knowing
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Scientific integrity refers to the ethical principles used in
scientific research.
B This is incorrect. Rigor refers to the discipline, scrupulous adherence to detail,
and strict accuracy in scientific research.
C This is correct. Triangulation refers to the use of both quantitative and
qualitative methods to collect data.
D This is incorrect. Methods used to acquire new knowledge are ways of knowing.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 7
4. A type of research method emphasizing the meaning of an experience is called:
a. Qualitative
b. Quantitative
c. Scientific integrity
d. Scientific method
ANS: A
Feedback
A This is correct. A research method that emphasizes the meaning of experience is
qualitative research.
B This is incorrect. Quantitative research is an approach for generating knowledge
based on determining how much of a given behavior, characteristic, or
phenomenon is present.
C This is incorrect. Scientific integrity refers to the ethical principles used in
scientific research.
D This is incorrect. Scientific method is a systematic research process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 7
5. A group of individuals who collaborate on the development of an idea and participate in the
design and production of a study is referred to as a:
a. Research consumer
b. Research team
c. Principal investigator
d. Consultant
ANS: B
Feedback
A This is incorrect. A research consumer is a reader of nursing research whose
objective is applying findings to nursing practice or using the findings to conduct
further research.
B This is correct. A research team is a group of people who collaborate on the
development of an idea and participate in the design and production of a study.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
C This is incorrect. A group of people who collaborate on a research project from
the beginning until the dissemination of findings is a research team.
D This is incorrect. A research team collaborates on a research project from the
beginning to the dissemination of findings.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 9
6. An example of a specialty journal is:
a. Nursing Research
b. Research in Nursing and Health
c. Oncology Nursing Forum
d. Western Journal of Nursing Research
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Research journals are devoted to the publication of nursing
research studies. Specialty journals narrow the focus to research on a particular
type of nursing.
B This is incorrect. Specialty research journals are devoted to a specific type of
nursing.
C This is correct. Specialty journals are devoted to a specific type of nursing.
Oncology Nursing Forum is an example of a specialty journal.
D This is incorrect. A specialty journal is devoted to a specific type of nursing
research.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 11
7. Research that is done to examine findings of another researcher using the same variables but
different subjects is referred to as:
a. Exploration
b. Replication
c. Empiricism
d. Rigor
ANS: B
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Examining the findings of another researcher using the same
variables but different subjects is referred to as replication.
B This is correct. Research that is done to examine findings of another researcher
using the same variables but different subjects is referred to as replication.
C This is incorrect. Replication is the ability of researchers to repeat a study using
the same variables with different subjects.
D This is incorrect. The ability of researchers to examine the findings of other
researchers using the same variables but with different subjects is called
replication, while rigor is striving for excellence by involving discipline,
adherence to detail, and strict accuracy.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 6
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
8. Documenting objective data through direct observation is referred to as:
a. Scientific inquiry
b. Replication
c. Empirical data
d. Triangulation
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Scientific inquiry is the process of critically analyzing data that
have been gathered systematically about a particular phenomenon.
B This is incorrect. Replication is the ability of researchers to repeat a study using
the same variables with different subjects.
C This is correct. Empirical data refers to documenting objective data through
direct observation.
D This is incorrect. Triangulation refers to the use of both quantitative and
qualitative methods to collect data.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 6
9. Nursing practice that relies on evidence from research and integrates those findings into
clinical thinking and decision making is called:
a. Nursing science
b. Evidence-based practice
c. Scientific inquiry
d. Scientific method
ANS: B
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Nursing science is the body of knowledge unique to the
discipline of nursing.
B This is correct. Nursing practice that relies on evidence from research and
integrates those findings into clinical thinking and decision making is
evidence-based practice.
C This is incorrect. Scientific inquiry is the process of critically analyzing data that
have been gathered systematically about a particular phenomenon.
D This is incorrect. Scientific method is a systematic research process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 5
10. Which guideline for authoring a paper for publication is incorrect?
a. Colleagues should be consulted when parties disagree on authorship matters.
b. Avoid duplicate and fragmented publications.
c. Authors should provide additional information as requested by editors.
d. The principal investigator takes sole responsibility for the final manuscript.
ANS: D
Feedback
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
A This is incorrect. Colleagues should be consulted when parties disagree on
authorship matters.
B This is incorrect. Duplicate and fragmented publications should be avoided.
C This is incorrect. Authors should provide additional information as requested by
editors.
D This is correct. All authors review the final manuscript and take responsibility
for the work.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 11
11. Which nursing degree program has a focus on planning and launching independent programs
of research?
a. Baccalaureate degree in nursing
b. Master’s degree in nursing
c. Practice-focused doctoral program
d. Research-focused doctoral program
ANS: D
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Baccalaureate programs focus on the ability to read,
understand, interpret, and apply research findings to clinical practice.
B This is incorrect. Master’s degree programs have a focus on evaluating research
findings.
C This is incorrect. Practice-focused doctoral programs focus on translating
scientific knowledge into complex clinical interventions tailored to meet
individual, family, and community health and illness needs.
D This is correct. An element of research-focused doctoral programs is planning
and launching independent research programs.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 8
12. At a minimum, the nurse as research consumer is expected to:
a. Gather data through direct observation.
b. Read and evaluate research projects.
c. Author research papers for publication.
d. Participate in the design and production of a study.
ANS: B
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Nurses with advanced degrees may be expected to gather data
through observation; however, at a minimum, nurses are expected to have the
ability to read and evaluate research reports.
B This is correct. The role of the research consumer includes the ability to read and
evaluate research reports. Nurses are increasingly expected to maintain this level
of involvement with research.
C This is incorrect. Nurses with advanced degrees may author research papers for
publication; however, at a minimum, nurses are expected to read and evaluate
research reports.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
D This is incorrect. Nurses with advanced degrees may participate in the design
and production of a study; however, at a minimum, nurses should be able to read
and evaluate research reports.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 9
13. Striving for excellence in research with discipline, adherence to detail, and strict accuracy is
called:
a. Rigor
b. Triangulation
c. Replication
d. Scientific inquiry
ANS: A
Feedback
A This is correct. Rigor is the striving for excellence in research that involves
discipline, scrupulous adherence to detail, and strict accuracy.
B This is incorrect. Triangulation is the use of quantitative and qualitative data
methods to collect data about a particular phenomenon.
C This is incorrect. Replication is the ability of researchers to repeat a study using
the same variables and methods or slight variations of them.
D This is incorrect. Scientific inquiry is the process of critically analyzing data that
have been gathered systematically about a particular phenomenon.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 7
14. A systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues important to nursing is
called:
a. Scientific method
b. Evidence-based practice
c. Nursing research
d. Nursing science
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Scientific method is a systematic research process.
B This is incorrect. Evidence-based practice is using research findings to direct
clinical care.
C This is correct. Nursing research is a systematic inquiry designed to develop
knowledge about issues important to nursing.
D This is incorrect. Nursing science is the body of knowledge that is unique to the
discipline of nursing.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 6
15. Which characteristic is unique to the scientific method and not associated with other ways of
learning information?
a. Objectivity
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
b. Personal bias
c. Subjectivity
d. Logical reasoning
ANS: A
Feedback
A This is correct. Objectivity and the use of empirical data are unique to the
scientific method and not associated with other ways of knowing.
B This is incorrect. Personal bias is associated with other ways of learning.
C This is incorrect. Subjectivity is associated with other ways of learning.
D This is incorrect. Logical reasoning is associated with other ways of learning.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 6
______________________________________________________________________________________________
7|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research, 7th Edition (Fain, 2025)
Chapter 2: Differentiating Types of Scholarship: Quality Improvement,
Evidence-Based Practice, and Research
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Graduates of practice-focused doctorates in nursing (DNP) come out of school having a
stronger emphasis on:
a. Using research methodologies
b. Identifying appropriate statistical analyses
c. Evaluating health-care outcomes
d. Identifying types of research designs
ANS: C
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Graduates of research-focused doctoral programs in nursing
(PhD) have a stronger emphasis on use of research methodologies.
B This is incorrect. Graduates of research-focused doctoral programs in nursing
(PhD) have a stronger emphasis on identifying appropriate statistical analyses.
C This is correct. Graduates of practice-focused doctoral programs in nursing
(DNP) have a stronger emphasis on evaluating health outcomes.
D This is incorrect. Graduates of research-focused doctoral programs in nursing
(PhD) have a stronger emphasis on identifying types of research designs.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 20
2. The type of scholarship that generates or expands existing knowledge within a discipline is
called:
a. Scholarship of discovery
b. Scholarship of integration
c. Scholarship of application
d. Scholarship of teaching
ANS: A
Feedback
A This is correct. Scholarship of discovery generates or expands existing
knowledge within a discipline.
B This is incorrect. Scholarship of integration is the synthesis of information across
disciplines that makes connections and shapes a more coherent and integrated
use of knowledge.
C This is incorrect. Scholarship of application advances clinical knowledge and
involves translation of research into practice.
D This is incorrect. Scholarship of teaching is the systematic study of teaching and
learning processes.
PTS: 1 REF: Page: 21
______________________________________________________________________________________________
8|Page
