PHS 3300 – Neoplasia Questions With Complete Solutions
____ are the building blocks for DNA
DNA chains are linked via ______________________ bonds &
are hydrogen bonded to form a double helix
Genes are first ______________, then _____________ into
proteins.
_________ are responsible for encoding proteins. Made of 3
bases. Which of them can be changed without harming the
protein?
Stop codons can activate if a gene is mutated. What do these do?
Correct Answers Bases
Phosphodiester bonds
First transcribed (copied), then translated.
Codons! The last base can be changed, it has some leeway :)
Stop codons cease encoding of a protein
A rare type of eye cancer developing in young children (<5 yrs)
is known as:
Within what area of the eye does it develop?
Within which stage of the cell cycle does Rb normally act (using
the "key word") Correct Answers Retinoblastoma!
Retina (light sensitive area @ back of eye, processes light and
colour)
Acts during G1 as a "gatekeeper"
,Abnormal cell growth is known as: Correct Answers
Neoplasia!! Can be either benign or malignant. Lets dive into
further detail now :)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomia
Within what age group is this considered the most common
malignancy?
Which has a better prognosis, B-cell or T-Cell variant?
True or false: Onset of symptoms are quite slow Correct
Answers ALL
80% B cell, 20% T cell
Most common malignancy for *children* (3-7yo)
Better prognosis for B-cell compared to T-cell
F: Rapid onset of symptoms! (bone pain, bruising, fever)
As for carcinogens... (Ex here is BPDE)
We already stated how they chemically attack DNA and form an
adduct. Resulting in point mutation. This must be replaced!
Often results in replacement of guanine with ______________.
A) Alanine
B) Glycine
C) Valine
D) Thymidine Correct Answers Guanine with thymidine.
This one is v prominent in smokers.
Could go wrong!
As for UV irridation
, True or false: The pyramidal dimers created by this are harmless
and dont need to be replaced by the cell Correct Answers
False: Must cut out these dimers! Repair enzymes will then
attempt to replace em w/ the proper bases. The more this occurs,
the more likely a mistake will be made.
Breast cancers are subdivided into 3 subtypes. How are these
categorized?
Furthermore, which of the following types is the most difficult
to treat
A) Estrogen Receptor+/Progesterone receptor+
B) HER2/neu+
C) Triple negative Correct Answers Categorized based on
expression of certain receptors
Triple negative is the hardest to treat bc those in this subtype do
not express ANY of the receptors, thus they aren't available to
block!
Can you name an example of chronic leukemia (hint: previous
slide!) Correct Answers Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Cancer is progressive and discovered at diff stages!
The TNM system is based on the following EXCEPT
A) Extent of tumour
B) Extend of spread to lymph nodes
C) Extend of Ras activation
D) Presence of metastasis Correct Answers C) Extent of ras
activation is wrong!
____ are the building blocks for DNA
DNA chains are linked via ______________________ bonds &
are hydrogen bonded to form a double helix
Genes are first ______________, then _____________ into
proteins.
_________ are responsible for encoding proteins. Made of 3
bases. Which of them can be changed without harming the
protein?
Stop codons can activate if a gene is mutated. What do these do?
Correct Answers Bases
Phosphodiester bonds
First transcribed (copied), then translated.
Codons! The last base can be changed, it has some leeway :)
Stop codons cease encoding of a protein
A rare type of eye cancer developing in young children (<5 yrs)
is known as:
Within what area of the eye does it develop?
Within which stage of the cell cycle does Rb normally act (using
the "key word") Correct Answers Retinoblastoma!
Retina (light sensitive area @ back of eye, processes light and
colour)
Acts during G1 as a "gatekeeper"
,Abnormal cell growth is known as: Correct Answers
Neoplasia!! Can be either benign or malignant. Lets dive into
further detail now :)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomia
Within what age group is this considered the most common
malignancy?
Which has a better prognosis, B-cell or T-Cell variant?
True or false: Onset of symptoms are quite slow Correct
Answers ALL
80% B cell, 20% T cell
Most common malignancy for *children* (3-7yo)
Better prognosis for B-cell compared to T-cell
F: Rapid onset of symptoms! (bone pain, bruising, fever)
As for carcinogens... (Ex here is BPDE)
We already stated how they chemically attack DNA and form an
adduct. Resulting in point mutation. This must be replaced!
Often results in replacement of guanine with ______________.
A) Alanine
B) Glycine
C) Valine
D) Thymidine Correct Answers Guanine with thymidine.
This one is v prominent in smokers.
Could go wrong!
As for UV irridation
, True or false: The pyramidal dimers created by this are harmless
and dont need to be replaced by the cell Correct Answers
False: Must cut out these dimers! Repair enzymes will then
attempt to replace em w/ the proper bases. The more this occurs,
the more likely a mistake will be made.
Breast cancers are subdivided into 3 subtypes. How are these
categorized?
Furthermore, which of the following types is the most difficult
to treat
A) Estrogen Receptor+/Progesterone receptor+
B) HER2/neu+
C) Triple negative Correct Answers Categorized based on
expression of certain receptors
Triple negative is the hardest to treat bc those in this subtype do
not express ANY of the receptors, thus they aren't available to
block!
Can you name an example of chronic leukemia (hint: previous
slide!) Correct Answers Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Cancer is progressive and discovered at diff stages!
The TNM system is based on the following EXCEPT
A) Extent of tumour
B) Extend of spread to lymph nodes
C) Extend of Ras activation
D) Presence of metastasis Correct Answers C) Extent of ras
activation is wrong!
