OPTE 6-12 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Freud's fifth/final stage of developmental theory - CORRECT ANSWER - Genital stage--
adolescence
Oral Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's 1st stage in developmental theory--infants
Anal stage - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's 2nd stage in toddlers
Phallic Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's 3rd stage in Pre-school
Latency Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's 4th stage Between pre-school and
adolescence wherein friends/school take precedence/focus until puberty.
Erik Erikson - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's follower that believed personality develops
throughout life.
Erikson's developmental Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - Identity vs. role confusion--
adolescent focus is on relationships. Success=relationships, failure=isolation/loneliness
Albert Bandura - CORRECT ANSWER - Social learning theory that emphasized importance
of social interaction in learning. Discovered children learned by observing rather than by just
direct experience. Sparked concern over what children observe.
Reciprocal determinism - CORRECT ANSWER - Individuals and environments mutually
influence each other.
Self-Efficacy - CORRECT ANSWER - Belief in one's individual competence to perform
specific tasks and skills.
, Jerome Bruner - CORRECT ANSWER - Constructivist philosopher that believed goal should
be producing autonomous learners that "create" from what they learn.
Enactive representation - CORRECT ANSWER - action-based information based on motor
responses, retained muscle memory, emerging in infancy. (Bruner)
Iconic representation - CORRECT ANSWER - visual image-based information, emerging
around 1-6 years of age (Bruner)
Symbolic representation - CORRECT ANSWER - coded or symbolic storage of information,
emerging 7 years or older (Bruner) I.E. Dogs represent all dog breeds/types
Spiral Curriculum - CORRECT ANSWER - Invented by Jerome Bruner in which complex
ideas are taught to all ages by initially structuring them simply and increasing difficulty
gradually. Often paired with scaffolding.
Scaffolding - CORRECT ANSWER - Temporary, gradually withdrawn support matching
student needs.
John Dewey - CORRECT ANSWER - Psychologist, educator and social activist of
progressive bent. Foremost theorist in modern American education. Shifted schools from
authoritarian to democratic classrooms that focused on "learning by doing". Also believed that
there should be a balance between child-centered and curriculum-centered based on humanist
psychology. Like Bruner, believed in autonomous learners who were also ethical and reflective.
Jean Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER - Theory of cognitive development focused on
constructivist learning. Believed children were little scientists interacting with environment to
learn.
Sensorimotor - CORRECT ANSWER - 1st stage of Piaget cognitive theory--infants respond
to sensory input with motor responses.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Freud's fifth/final stage of developmental theory - CORRECT ANSWER - Genital stage--
adolescence
Oral Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's 1st stage in developmental theory--infants
Anal stage - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's 2nd stage in toddlers
Phallic Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's 3rd stage in Pre-school
Latency Stage - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's 4th stage Between pre-school and
adolescence wherein friends/school take precedence/focus until puberty.
Erik Erikson - CORRECT ANSWER - Freud's follower that believed personality develops
throughout life.
Erikson's developmental Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - Identity vs. role confusion--
adolescent focus is on relationships. Success=relationships, failure=isolation/loneliness
Albert Bandura - CORRECT ANSWER - Social learning theory that emphasized importance
of social interaction in learning. Discovered children learned by observing rather than by just
direct experience. Sparked concern over what children observe.
Reciprocal determinism - CORRECT ANSWER - Individuals and environments mutually
influence each other.
Self-Efficacy - CORRECT ANSWER - Belief in one's individual competence to perform
specific tasks and skills.
, Jerome Bruner - CORRECT ANSWER - Constructivist philosopher that believed goal should
be producing autonomous learners that "create" from what they learn.
Enactive representation - CORRECT ANSWER - action-based information based on motor
responses, retained muscle memory, emerging in infancy. (Bruner)
Iconic representation - CORRECT ANSWER - visual image-based information, emerging
around 1-6 years of age (Bruner)
Symbolic representation - CORRECT ANSWER - coded or symbolic storage of information,
emerging 7 years or older (Bruner) I.E. Dogs represent all dog breeds/types
Spiral Curriculum - CORRECT ANSWER - Invented by Jerome Bruner in which complex
ideas are taught to all ages by initially structuring them simply and increasing difficulty
gradually. Often paired with scaffolding.
Scaffolding - CORRECT ANSWER - Temporary, gradually withdrawn support matching
student needs.
John Dewey - CORRECT ANSWER - Psychologist, educator and social activist of
progressive bent. Foremost theorist in modern American education. Shifted schools from
authoritarian to democratic classrooms that focused on "learning by doing". Also believed that
there should be a balance between child-centered and curriculum-centered based on humanist
psychology. Like Bruner, believed in autonomous learners who were also ethical and reflective.
Jean Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER - Theory of cognitive development focused on
constructivist learning. Believed children were little scientists interacting with environment to
learn.
Sensorimotor - CORRECT ANSWER - 1st stage of Piaget cognitive theory--infants respond
to sensory input with motor responses.
