Anatomy 337 Exam 1|123
Questions and answers
4 different types of tissue and their subtypes - -1. Nervous: brain, spinal
cord, nerves
2. Muscle: cardiac, smooth, skeletal
3. Epithelial: GI tract lining, gland secretions, skin/epidermis surface covering
4. Connective: fat, energy storage, soft padding, bone, tendon
- Functions of epithelial tissue (5) - -1. Protection
2. Selective permeability: diffusion and absorption/transcellular transport
3. Secretion
4. Sensation
5. Surface parallel transport
- Transcellular transport (absorption) - -substances absorbed into the cell to
some degree before being released into the blood/underlying tissue; going
thru the cell=transcellular
- secretion of epithelial tissue - -capable of producing and secreting specific
chemical cpds onto their apical surfaces
- Specialized epithelia can sense (5) - -light, taste, sound, smell, and
hearing
- Surface parallel transport - -transport of substances across the free
surface of the epithelium
- 4 important structural/functional features of epithelia - -1. Highly cellular
tissue w/little extracellular material bw
2. Avascularity; receive nutrients by diffusion/absorption from underlying
tissues
3. Capable of regeneration
4. Exhibit polarity
- Epithelial cells exhibit polarity, meaning - -there are differences in
structure and function bw apical and basal surfaces
- The basement membrane of epithelia sits just below (1) and (2) is formed
of what two layers and (3) is attached to what - -1. Basal surface of
epithelial cells
2. Basal lamina and reticular lamina
3. Attached to underlying CT
, - Cilia - --Apical feature of epithelia
-motile (can move)
-Surface parallel transport across membrane
- microvilli - --Apical feature of epithelia
-Extensions that increase SA for absorption
-transcellular transport
- 4 types of intercellular epithelial junctions - -1. Tight junction
2. Adhering junction
3. Desmosome
4. Gap junction
- Tight junction - -no space b/w cells, epithelia act as a selective barrier bc
substances get forced thru; gatekeepers
- Adhering junction - -adhesive belt holding the epithelial cells together for
support and stability of the tissue
- Desmosome - -holds cells together like a jacket button to provide support
and stability of the tissue
- Gap junction - --intercellular passageway b/w membranes of adjacent cells
to move ions/small molecules b/w cytoplasms
-allow electrical and metabolic coupling of adjacent cells
-Connected by connexons
-Coordinates function in large groups of cells
-Like tiny tunnels
- Squamos shape - -flattened and thin
- cuboidal shape - -like a cube, wide=tall
- columnar shape - -rectangular, taller than wide
- Simple layer - -single layer
- Stratified layer - -more than one layer w/only basal layer resting on basal
lamina of the membrane
- Pseudostratified layer - -only one layer but height of cells vary giving the
false appearance of more than one layer
only some of the cells will have apical surface
Questions and answers
4 different types of tissue and their subtypes - -1. Nervous: brain, spinal
cord, nerves
2. Muscle: cardiac, smooth, skeletal
3. Epithelial: GI tract lining, gland secretions, skin/epidermis surface covering
4. Connective: fat, energy storage, soft padding, bone, tendon
- Functions of epithelial tissue (5) - -1. Protection
2. Selective permeability: diffusion and absorption/transcellular transport
3. Secretion
4. Sensation
5. Surface parallel transport
- Transcellular transport (absorption) - -substances absorbed into the cell to
some degree before being released into the blood/underlying tissue; going
thru the cell=transcellular
- secretion of epithelial tissue - -capable of producing and secreting specific
chemical cpds onto their apical surfaces
- Specialized epithelia can sense (5) - -light, taste, sound, smell, and
hearing
- Surface parallel transport - -transport of substances across the free
surface of the epithelium
- 4 important structural/functional features of epithelia - -1. Highly cellular
tissue w/little extracellular material bw
2. Avascularity; receive nutrients by diffusion/absorption from underlying
tissues
3. Capable of regeneration
4. Exhibit polarity
- Epithelial cells exhibit polarity, meaning - -there are differences in
structure and function bw apical and basal surfaces
- The basement membrane of epithelia sits just below (1) and (2) is formed
of what two layers and (3) is attached to what - -1. Basal surface of
epithelial cells
2. Basal lamina and reticular lamina
3. Attached to underlying CT
, - Cilia - --Apical feature of epithelia
-motile (can move)
-Surface parallel transport across membrane
- microvilli - --Apical feature of epithelia
-Extensions that increase SA for absorption
-transcellular transport
- 4 types of intercellular epithelial junctions - -1. Tight junction
2. Adhering junction
3. Desmosome
4. Gap junction
- Tight junction - -no space b/w cells, epithelia act as a selective barrier bc
substances get forced thru; gatekeepers
- Adhering junction - -adhesive belt holding the epithelial cells together for
support and stability of the tissue
- Desmosome - -holds cells together like a jacket button to provide support
and stability of the tissue
- Gap junction - --intercellular passageway b/w membranes of adjacent cells
to move ions/small molecules b/w cytoplasms
-allow electrical and metabolic coupling of adjacent cells
-Connected by connexons
-Coordinates function in large groups of cells
-Like tiny tunnels
- Squamos shape - -flattened and thin
- cuboidal shape - -like a cube, wide=tall
- columnar shape - -rectangular, taller than wide
- Simple layer - -single layer
- Stratified layer - -more than one layer w/only basal layer resting on basal
lamina of the membrane
- Pseudostratified layer - -only one layer but height of cells vary giving the
false appearance of more than one layer
only some of the cells will have apical surface
