Anatomy 337 - Module 14 and 15 Exam
Questions and Answers 2025
abdominal quadrants - -right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right
lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
- upper right quadrant organs - -liver, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney,
right adrenal gland
- lower right quadrant organs - -appendix, reproductive organs, right ureter
- upper left quadrant organs - -stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, left
adrenal gland
- lower left quadrant organs - -left ureter, reproductive organs
- abdominal regions - -umbilical, epigastric, hypogastric, right
hypochondriac, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, left lumbar, right inguinal,
left inguinal
- peritoneum - -broad membranous sac made up of simple squamous
epithelial tissue surrounded by connective tissue
-holds digestive organs within the abdominopelvic cavity in place
-similar to the pleura and pericardium
-parietal and visceral layer and cavity
- visceral peritoneum - -covers surface of the internal organs within
abdominopelvic cavity
- parietal peritoneum - -lines internal walls, not in direct contact with organs
-outer layer of peritoneum
-walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
- peritoneal cavity - -space between the peritoneal layers containing serosal
fluid
-fluid allows for movement without friction
- intraperitoneal organ - -organ is and always was surrounded by
peritoneum
- retroperitoneal organ - -organs not surrounded by peritoneum
-behind the peritoneum (posterior)
, - primarily retroperitoneal - -organs have never been surrounded by
peritoneum
- secondarily retroperitoneal - -organs were originally surrounded by
peritoneum, but pushed out during development
- mesentery - -organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal
wall in humans and is formed by the double fold of peritoneum
- greater omentum - -apron-like pouch extending inferiorly between the
body wall and the anterior surface of the small intestine
- falciform ligament - -anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and
inferior border of the diaphragm
- lesser omentum - -suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the
liver
- mesentery proper - -vertical band of tissue anterior to the lumbar
vertebrae and anchoring most of the small intestine
- mesocolon - -attaches the large intestine (the transverse and sigmoid
colon) to the posterior abdominal wall
- five major peritoneal folds - --greater omentum
-falciform ligament
-lesser omentum
-mesentery proper
-mesocolon
- foregut - -esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, spleen, 1st and 2nd
parts of duodenum
- midgut - -3rd and 4th parts of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum,
appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon (proximal 2/3)
- hindgut - -transverse colon (distal 1/3), descending and sigmoid colon,
rectum
- alimentary canal organs - -oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small intestines, large intestines
- alimentary canal tissue layers - -1. mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria,
muscularis mucosa)
2. submucosa
3. muscularis
Questions and Answers 2025
abdominal quadrants - -right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right
lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
- upper right quadrant organs - -liver, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney,
right adrenal gland
- lower right quadrant organs - -appendix, reproductive organs, right ureter
- upper left quadrant organs - -stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, left
adrenal gland
- lower left quadrant organs - -left ureter, reproductive organs
- abdominal regions - -umbilical, epigastric, hypogastric, right
hypochondriac, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, left lumbar, right inguinal,
left inguinal
- peritoneum - -broad membranous sac made up of simple squamous
epithelial tissue surrounded by connective tissue
-holds digestive organs within the abdominopelvic cavity in place
-similar to the pleura and pericardium
-parietal and visceral layer and cavity
- visceral peritoneum - -covers surface of the internal organs within
abdominopelvic cavity
- parietal peritoneum - -lines internal walls, not in direct contact with organs
-outer layer of peritoneum
-walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
- peritoneal cavity - -space between the peritoneal layers containing serosal
fluid
-fluid allows for movement without friction
- intraperitoneal organ - -organ is and always was surrounded by
peritoneum
- retroperitoneal organ - -organs not surrounded by peritoneum
-behind the peritoneum (posterior)
, - primarily retroperitoneal - -organs have never been surrounded by
peritoneum
- secondarily retroperitoneal - -organs were originally surrounded by
peritoneum, but pushed out during development
- mesentery - -organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal
wall in humans and is formed by the double fold of peritoneum
- greater omentum - -apron-like pouch extending inferiorly between the
body wall and the anterior surface of the small intestine
- falciform ligament - -anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and
inferior border of the diaphragm
- lesser omentum - -suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the
liver
- mesentery proper - -vertical band of tissue anterior to the lumbar
vertebrae and anchoring most of the small intestine
- mesocolon - -attaches the large intestine (the transverse and sigmoid
colon) to the posterior abdominal wall
- five major peritoneal folds - --greater omentum
-falciform ligament
-lesser omentum
-mesentery proper
-mesocolon
- foregut - -esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, spleen, 1st and 2nd
parts of duodenum
- midgut - -3rd and 4th parts of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum,
appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon (proximal 2/3)
- hindgut - -transverse colon (distal 1/3), descending and sigmoid colon,
rectum
- alimentary canal organs - -oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small intestines, large intestines
- alimentary canal tissue layers - -1. mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria,
muscularis mucosa)
2. submucosa
3. muscularis
