CHEM 1111 Exam 1 With 100% Verified Answers Graded A+
1. Chemistry
2. scientific method procedure consisting of making
observations, formulating hypothe-
ses, and designing experiments,
which in turn lead to additional
observations, hypotheses, and ex-
periments in repeated cycles
3. hypothesis tentative explanation for the obser-
vations
4. experiments systematic observations or mea-
surenemtns under controlled con-
ditions used to test hypothesis va-
lidity
5. law verbal or mathematical description
of a phenomenon that allows for
general predictions
- says WHAT happens; does not
address WHY it happens
6. law of definite proportions (Proust and Dalton) - chemical
substance always contains the
same proportions of elements by
mass
7. theory attempts to explain why nature be-
haves as it does
- theories are always evolving and
can change later (unlike laws)
8. Classify each statement as a law, a a. This is a general statement of
theory, an experiment, a hypothesis, a a relationship between the proper-
qualitative observation, or a quantita- ties of liquid and solid water, so it
tive observation. is a law.
a. Ice always floats on liquid water. b. This is a possible explanation for
b. Birds evolved from dinosaurs. the origin of birds, so it is a hypoth-
c. Hot air is less dense than cold air, esis.
, CHEM 1111 Exam 1 With 100% Verified Answers Graded A+
probably because the components of c. This is a statement that tries
hot air are moving more rapidly. to explain the relationship between
d. When 10 g of ice were added to 100 the temperature and the density of
mL of water at 25°C, the temperature air based on fundamental princi-
of the water decreased to 15.5°C after ples, so it is a theory.
the ice melted. d. The temperature is measured
e. The ingredients of Ivory soap were before and after a change is made
analyzed to see whether it really is in a system, so these are quantita-
99.44% pure, as advertised. tive observations.
e. This is an analysis designed to
test a hypothesis (in this case, the
manufacturer's claim of purity), so
it is an experiment.
9. Classify each statement as a law, a a. experiment
theory, an experiment, a hypothesis, a b. law
qualitative observation, or a quantita- c. theory
tive observation. d. hypothesis
a. Measured amounts of acid were e. qualitative observation
added to a Rolaids tablet to see f. quantitative observation
whether it really "consumes 47 times
its weight in excess stomach acid."
b. Heat always flows from hot objects
to cooler ones, not in the opposite di-
rection.
c. The universe was formed by a mas-
sive explosion that propelled matter
into a vacuum.
d. Michael Jordan is the greatest pure
shooter ever to play professional bas-
ketball.
e. Limestone is relatively insoluble in
water but dissolves readily in dilute
acid with the evolution of a gas.
f. Gas mixtures that contain more than
4% hydrogen in air are potentially ex-
plosive.
10. Matter
, CHEM 1111 Exam 1 With 100% Verified Answers Graded A+
anything that occupies space and
has mass
11. mass the quantity of matter an object
contains
- directly proportional to the force
required to change its speed or di-
rection
12. weight force caused by the gravitational
attraction that operates on the ob-
ject
13. solids relatively rigid state of matter with
fixed shapes and volumes
- volume virtually independent of
temperature and pressure
14. liquids state of matter with fixed volume
but assume shape of its container
- volume virtually independent of
temperature and pressure
15. gases state of matter with no fixed shape
or volume - expand to completely
fill its container
- volume of gas depends on tem-
perature and pressure
16. pure chemical substance any matter with fixed chemi-
cal composition and characteristic
properties
- ie - oxygen
17. mixtures combinations of two or more pure
substance in variable proportions
in which the individual substance
retain their identity
- ie- air, tap water, milk , bread, dirt
1. Chemistry
2. scientific method procedure consisting of making
observations, formulating hypothe-
ses, and designing experiments,
which in turn lead to additional
observations, hypotheses, and ex-
periments in repeated cycles
3. hypothesis tentative explanation for the obser-
vations
4. experiments systematic observations or mea-
surenemtns under controlled con-
ditions used to test hypothesis va-
lidity
5. law verbal or mathematical description
of a phenomenon that allows for
general predictions
- says WHAT happens; does not
address WHY it happens
6. law of definite proportions (Proust and Dalton) - chemical
substance always contains the
same proportions of elements by
mass
7. theory attempts to explain why nature be-
haves as it does
- theories are always evolving and
can change later (unlike laws)
8. Classify each statement as a law, a a. This is a general statement of
theory, an experiment, a hypothesis, a a relationship between the proper-
qualitative observation, or a quantita- ties of liquid and solid water, so it
tive observation. is a law.
a. Ice always floats on liquid water. b. This is a possible explanation for
b. Birds evolved from dinosaurs. the origin of birds, so it is a hypoth-
c. Hot air is less dense than cold air, esis.
, CHEM 1111 Exam 1 With 100% Verified Answers Graded A+
probably because the components of c. This is a statement that tries
hot air are moving more rapidly. to explain the relationship between
d. When 10 g of ice were added to 100 the temperature and the density of
mL of water at 25°C, the temperature air based on fundamental princi-
of the water decreased to 15.5°C after ples, so it is a theory.
the ice melted. d. The temperature is measured
e. The ingredients of Ivory soap were before and after a change is made
analyzed to see whether it really is in a system, so these are quantita-
99.44% pure, as advertised. tive observations.
e. This is an analysis designed to
test a hypothesis (in this case, the
manufacturer's claim of purity), so
it is an experiment.
9. Classify each statement as a law, a a. experiment
theory, an experiment, a hypothesis, a b. law
qualitative observation, or a quantita- c. theory
tive observation. d. hypothesis
a. Measured amounts of acid were e. qualitative observation
added to a Rolaids tablet to see f. quantitative observation
whether it really "consumes 47 times
its weight in excess stomach acid."
b. Heat always flows from hot objects
to cooler ones, not in the opposite di-
rection.
c. The universe was formed by a mas-
sive explosion that propelled matter
into a vacuum.
d. Michael Jordan is the greatest pure
shooter ever to play professional bas-
ketball.
e. Limestone is relatively insoluble in
water but dissolves readily in dilute
acid with the evolution of a gas.
f. Gas mixtures that contain more than
4% hydrogen in air are potentially ex-
plosive.
10. Matter
, CHEM 1111 Exam 1 With 100% Verified Answers Graded A+
anything that occupies space and
has mass
11. mass the quantity of matter an object
contains
- directly proportional to the force
required to change its speed or di-
rection
12. weight force caused by the gravitational
attraction that operates on the ob-
ject
13. solids relatively rigid state of matter with
fixed shapes and volumes
- volume virtually independent of
temperature and pressure
14. liquids state of matter with fixed volume
but assume shape of its container
- volume virtually independent of
temperature and pressure
15. gases state of matter with no fixed shape
or volume - expand to completely
fill its container
- volume of gas depends on tem-
perature and pressure
16. pure chemical substance any matter with fixed chemi-
cal composition and characteristic
properties
- ie - oxygen
17. mixtures combinations of two or more pure
substance in variable proportions
in which the individual substance
retain their identity
- ie- air, tap water, milk , bread, dirt
