AQA AS level biology questions and an

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AQA AS level biology questions and
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answers latest top score.
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What care cthe cthree cways ca cpathogen ccan cdamage chosts ccells? c- c ccorrect canswer. c c
c1) crupturing cthem cto crelease cnutrients cinside cthem c

2) breaking cdown cnutrients cinside cthe ccell cfor ctheir cown cuse. cThis cstarves cand
ceventually ckills cthe ccell. c

3) replicating cinside cthe ccells cand cbursting cthem cwhen cthey're creleased c
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What care cthe ctwo cways cpathogens ccause cdisease? c- c ccorrect canswer. c c c1)
cproduction cof ctoxins c2) ccell cdamage c
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What care cthe clifestyle cfactors cthat ccan caffect cyour cchances cof cgetting ccancer? c- c
ccorrect canswer. c c c1) csmoking c

2) excessive cexposure cto csunlight c
3) excessive calcohol cintake c
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What care cthe cthree csurfaces cof ccontact- cwhere cpathogens center cour cbody? cand chow
cdo cthey cget cin? c- c ccorrect canswer. c c c1) cgas-exchange csystem c= cif cyou cbreathe cin

cair cthat ccontains cpathogens, cmost cof cthem cwill cbe ctrapped cin cmucus clining cthe clung

cepithelium. cSome cpathogens care cable cto creach cthe calveoli cwhere cthey ccan cinvade

ccells cand ccause cdamage. c
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2) Skin c= cif cyou cdamage cyour cskin, cpathogens con cthe csurface ccan center cyour
cbloodstream. cblood cclots cprevent cpathogens cfrom centering. c
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3) Digestive csystem c= cif cyou ceat cor cdrink cfood cthat ccontains cpathogens. cSome
cwill csurvive cfrom cthe cacidic cconditions cof cthe cstomach, cand cinvade ccells cof cthe cgut

cwall cand ccause cdisease. c
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Explain cthe cprocess cof cphagocytosis. c- c ccorrect canswer. c c c1) cA cphagocyte
crecognises cthe cantigens con ca cpathogene c c

2) cThe ccytoplasm cof cthe cphagocyte cmoves cround cthe cpathogen, cengulfing cit. c3)
cThe cpathogen cis cnow ccontained cin ca cvacuole cor ca cvesicle cin cthe ccytoplasm cof

cthe cphagocyte. c

4) A clysosome cfuses cwith cthe cphagocytic cvacuole cand cthe clytic cenzymes cbreak
cdown cwith cthe cpathogen c

5) The cphagocyte cpresents cthe cpathogens cantigens, cit csticks cthe cantigens con cits
csurface cto cactivate cother cimmune csystem ccells. c
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, What cis cthe ccellular cand chumoral cresponse? c- c ccorrect canswer. c c cCellular c= cThe cT-
cells cand cother cimmune csystem ccells cthat cthey cinteract cwith ce.g cphagocytes c, cform
cthe ccellular cresponse c
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Humoral c- cB ccells cand cthe cproduction cof cantibodies cform cthe chumoral cresponse. c
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Explain cwhat cis cmeant cby ca cprimary cresponse. c- c ccorrect canswer. c c cThe cprimary
cresponse cis cslow cbecause cthere caren't cmany cB-cells cthat ccan cmake cthe cantibody

cneeded cto cbind cto cit. c c

The cinfected cperson cwill cshow csymptoms cof cthe cdisease cwhile cthe cbody cproduces
cenough cof cthe cright cantibody cto covercome cthe cinfection. c
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T-cells cand cB-cells cproduce cmemory ccells. cMemory cT-cells cremember cthe cspecific
cantigen cand cwill crecognise cit csecond ctime cround. cMemory cB-cells crecord cthe cspecific

cantibodies cneeded cto cbind cthe cantigen. c
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The cbody cis cnow cimmune. c
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Explain cwhat cis cmeant cby cthe csecondary cresponse. c- c ccorrect canswer. c c cIf cthe csame
cpathogen centers cthe cbody cagain, cthe cimmune csystem cwill cproduce ca cquicker,

cstronger cimmune cresponse. c
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Memory cB-cells cdivide cinto cplasma ccells cthat cproduce cthe cright cantibody cto cthe
cantigen. c

Memory cT-cells cdivide cinto cthe ccorrect ctype cof cT ccells cto ckill cthe ccell ccarrying cthe
cantigen. c
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The csecondary cresponse coften cgets crid cof cthe cpathogen cbefore cyou cbegin cto cshow
cany csymptoms. c
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Explain chow cmonoclonal cantibodies ctarget ccancer c- c ccorrect canswer. c c c1) cCancer
ccells chave cantigens ccalled ctumour cmarkers cthat care cnot cfound con cbody ccells. c
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2) Monoclonal cantibodies ccan cbe cmade cthat cwill cbind cto cthe ctumour cmarkers. c
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3) You ccan calso cattach canti-cancer cdrugs cto cthe cantibodies c
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4) Antibodies ccome cinto ccontact cwith cthe ccancer ccells cand cbind cto cthe ctumour
cmarkers c
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5) This cmeans cthe cdrug cwill cacuumulate cin cthe cbody cwhere cthere care ccancer ccells. c
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6) side ceffects cof can cantibody cbased cdrug care clower cthan cother cdrugs cbecause cthey
caccumulate cnear cspecific ccells c
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how cdo cmonoclonal ccells cwork cin cpregnancy ctests? c- c ccorrect canswer. c c c1) cThe
capplication carea ccontains cantibodies cfor chCG cbound cto ca ccoloured cbead c
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2) when curine cis capplied cto cthe capplication carea cany chCG cwill cbind cto cthe cantibody
con cthe cbeads, cforming can cantigen-antibody ccomplex. c
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3) the curine cmoves cup cthe cstick cto cthe ctest cstrip, ccarrying cany cbeads cwith cit c
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