PSYCHOLOGY OF PREJUICE AND DESCRIMINATION
EXAM 2024-2025
cultural discrimination
Occurs when one group within a culture retains the power to define
cultural values as well as the form those values should take. This
power results in discrimination and inequality built into literature,
art, music, language, morals, customs, beliefs, and ideology to such
a degree that they define a generally agreed-on way of life
heterosexism
A bias based on an ideological system that denies, denigrates, and
stigmatizes any nonheterosexual form of behavior, identity,
relationship, or community
discrimination
Treating a person differently from others based solely or primarily on
the person's membership in a social group
implicit bias
Implicit prejudices are reactions towards groups/individuals that
occur automatically outside of conscious awareness.
They are difficult to control and so can lead to biased evaluations
and behaviors even if the person had no intention of acting that way.
scientific racism
The interpretation (and frequently misinterpretation) of research
results to show minority groups in a negative light
group privilege
An unearned favored state conferred simply because of one's
membership in an advantaged social group
interpersonal discrimination
,One individual's unfair treatment of another based on the other
person's group membership
intersectionality
The idea that people belong to many social groups at once, such as
Black and woman or man and gay
classism
Prejudice due to a person's position in the social hierarchy as
indicated by wealth, degree of power, and/or membership in
particular racial, religious, or status groups
culture
A unique meaning and information system, shared by a group and
transmitted across generations, that allows the group to meet basic
needs of survival, pursue happiness and well-being, and derive
meaning from life
stereotype
Beliefs and opinions about the characteristics, attributes, and
behaviors of members of various groups
prejudice
An attitude directed toward people because they are members of a
specific social group
explicit prejudice
Intergroup attitudes and stereotypes that people intentionally
retrieve from memory and so are willing to personally endorse and
which lead to deliberate, intentional behavior
institutional discrimination
Discrimination that occurs when beliefs about group superiority are
sanctioned by institutions or governing bodies. It is rooted in the
norms, policies, and practices associated with a social institution
such as the family, religious institutions, the educational system, and
the criminal justice system
, organizational discrimination
The manifestation of institutional discrimination in the context of a
particular organization
Amygdala
A structure in the brain involved in the processing of emotions such
as fear, anger, and pleasure, is called the
Hypothesis
A proposed relationship between two variables that is tested in
research, is called a
independent variable
In research, the proposed cause in a hypothesized cause-and-effect
relationship. In experimental research, it is also the term used for the
variable the experimenter manipulates, is called
Validity
The accuracy of a measure, assessed in terms of how well scores on
the measure correlate with scores on measures of related traits and
behaviors and the extent to which scores on the measure are
uncorrelated with scores on measures of unrelated traits and
behaviors, is called
field experiment
A research strategy in which an independent variable is manipulated
in a natural setting but as much control as possible is maintained
over the research situation, is called a
variable
A characteristic on which people differ and so takes on more than
one value when it is measured in a group of people, is called
operational definition
The restatement of a hypothesis in terms of operational definitions, is
called a
EXAM 2024-2025
cultural discrimination
Occurs when one group within a culture retains the power to define
cultural values as well as the form those values should take. This
power results in discrimination and inequality built into literature,
art, music, language, morals, customs, beliefs, and ideology to such
a degree that they define a generally agreed-on way of life
heterosexism
A bias based on an ideological system that denies, denigrates, and
stigmatizes any nonheterosexual form of behavior, identity,
relationship, or community
discrimination
Treating a person differently from others based solely or primarily on
the person's membership in a social group
implicit bias
Implicit prejudices are reactions towards groups/individuals that
occur automatically outside of conscious awareness.
They are difficult to control and so can lead to biased evaluations
and behaviors even if the person had no intention of acting that way.
scientific racism
The interpretation (and frequently misinterpretation) of research
results to show minority groups in a negative light
group privilege
An unearned favored state conferred simply because of one's
membership in an advantaged social group
interpersonal discrimination
,One individual's unfair treatment of another based on the other
person's group membership
intersectionality
The idea that people belong to many social groups at once, such as
Black and woman or man and gay
classism
Prejudice due to a person's position in the social hierarchy as
indicated by wealth, degree of power, and/or membership in
particular racial, religious, or status groups
culture
A unique meaning and information system, shared by a group and
transmitted across generations, that allows the group to meet basic
needs of survival, pursue happiness and well-being, and derive
meaning from life
stereotype
Beliefs and opinions about the characteristics, attributes, and
behaviors of members of various groups
prejudice
An attitude directed toward people because they are members of a
specific social group
explicit prejudice
Intergroup attitudes and stereotypes that people intentionally
retrieve from memory and so are willing to personally endorse and
which lead to deliberate, intentional behavior
institutional discrimination
Discrimination that occurs when beliefs about group superiority are
sanctioned by institutions or governing bodies. It is rooted in the
norms, policies, and practices associated with a social institution
such as the family, religious institutions, the educational system, and
the criminal justice system
, organizational discrimination
The manifestation of institutional discrimination in the context of a
particular organization
Amygdala
A structure in the brain involved in the processing of emotions such
as fear, anger, and pleasure, is called the
Hypothesis
A proposed relationship between two variables that is tested in
research, is called a
independent variable
In research, the proposed cause in a hypothesized cause-and-effect
relationship. In experimental research, it is also the term used for the
variable the experimenter manipulates, is called
Validity
The accuracy of a measure, assessed in terms of how well scores on
the measure correlate with scores on measures of related traits and
behaviors and the extent to which scores on the measure are
uncorrelated with scores on measures of unrelated traits and
behaviors, is called
field experiment
A research strategy in which an independent variable is manipulated
in a natural setting but as much control as possible is maintained
over the research situation, is called a
variable
A characteristic on which people differ and so takes on more than
one value when it is measured in a group of people, is called
operational definition
The restatement of a hypothesis in terms of operational definitions, is
called a
