NUR 239 EXAM 4 Questions and answers
2025
cardiac .output .- .ANS✓✓-HR .x .SV
blood .pressure .equation .- .ANS✓✓-CO .x .SVR
S1 .heart .sounds; .closure .valves .- .ANS✓✓-mitral .and .tricuspid
S2 .heart .sounds; .closure .valves .- .ANS✓✓-aortic .and .pulmonic
cardiac .output .- .ANS✓✓-amount .of .blood .pumped .each .minute .(~5 .L)
stroke .volume .- .ANS✓✓-the .amount .of .blood .ejected .from .the .heart .in .one
.contraction
peripheral .vascular .resistance .- .ANS✓✓-the .resistance .of .the .vessels .to .the
.flow .of .blood; .increased .when .the .vessels .constrict, .decreased .when .the
.vessels .relax.
preload .- .ANS✓✓-volume .of .blood .in .ventricles .at .end .of .diastole
afterload .- .ANS✓✓-pressure .ventricles .must .exert .to .eject .blood .into .the .aorta
orthopnea .- .ANS✓✓-difficulty .breathing .when .lying .down
cardiac .fatigue .- .ANS✓✓-fatigue .that .appears .suddenly .and .gets .worse .with
.activity; .a .sign .of .heart .failure
orthostatic .hypotension .- .ANS✓✓-low .blood .pressure .that .occurs .upon
.standing .up; .people .above .65 .are .at .risk.
hypertension; .pathophysiology .- .ANS✓✓-increased .workload .on .the .heart
.(hypertrophy), .narrowing .and .stiffening .of .blood .vessels.
hypertension; .SxS .- .ANS✓✓-frequently .asymptomatic .in .early .stages
initial .signs .vague .and .non-specific
fatigue
malaise
sometimes .morning .occipital .headache
, hypertension; .risk .factors .- .ANS✓✓-smoking
obesity
sedentary .lifestyle
genetics
age
poor .diet
Dyslipidemia; .pathophysiology .- .ANS✓✓-abnormal .lipid .levels .in .the .blood;
.forms .plaque .in .the .arteries
dyslipidemia; .SxS .- .ANS✓✓-chest .pain/tightness
dizziness
heart .palpitations
exhaustion
swelling .of .ankles/feet
trouble .breathing
dyslipidemia; .risk .factors .- .ANS✓✓-smoking
weight
HTN
DM
sat .fats.
Right .heart .failure; .pathophysiology .- .ANS✓✓-right .side .of .the .heart .fails .to
.pump .blood .effectively; .fluid .buildup .in .lower .extremities; .usually .comes .after
.LSHF
RSHF; .SxS .- .ANS✓✓-pitting .edema
distended .neck .veins
hepatic .congestion
decrease .appetite
nausea
ascites
cyanosis
Left .side .Heart .Failure; .pathophysiology .- .ANS✓✓-left .side .of .heart .does .not
.effectively .pump .oxygenated .blood .to .the .body; .blood .builds .up .to .the .lungs
RSHF; .risk .factors .- .ANS✓✓-high .BP
CAD
heart .attack
diabetes
sleep .apnea
smoking
alcohol .use
LSHF; .SxS .- .ANS✓✓-fluid .on .lungs
2025
cardiac .output .- .ANS✓✓-HR .x .SV
blood .pressure .equation .- .ANS✓✓-CO .x .SVR
S1 .heart .sounds; .closure .valves .- .ANS✓✓-mitral .and .tricuspid
S2 .heart .sounds; .closure .valves .- .ANS✓✓-aortic .and .pulmonic
cardiac .output .- .ANS✓✓-amount .of .blood .pumped .each .minute .(~5 .L)
stroke .volume .- .ANS✓✓-the .amount .of .blood .ejected .from .the .heart .in .one
.contraction
peripheral .vascular .resistance .- .ANS✓✓-the .resistance .of .the .vessels .to .the
.flow .of .blood; .increased .when .the .vessels .constrict, .decreased .when .the
.vessels .relax.
preload .- .ANS✓✓-volume .of .blood .in .ventricles .at .end .of .diastole
afterload .- .ANS✓✓-pressure .ventricles .must .exert .to .eject .blood .into .the .aorta
orthopnea .- .ANS✓✓-difficulty .breathing .when .lying .down
cardiac .fatigue .- .ANS✓✓-fatigue .that .appears .suddenly .and .gets .worse .with
.activity; .a .sign .of .heart .failure
orthostatic .hypotension .- .ANS✓✓-low .blood .pressure .that .occurs .upon
.standing .up; .people .above .65 .are .at .risk.
hypertension; .pathophysiology .- .ANS✓✓-increased .workload .on .the .heart
.(hypertrophy), .narrowing .and .stiffening .of .blood .vessels.
hypertension; .SxS .- .ANS✓✓-frequently .asymptomatic .in .early .stages
initial .signs .vague .and .non-specific
fatigue
malaise
sometimes .morning .occipital .headache
, hypertension; .risk .factors .- .ANS✓✓-smoking
obesity
sedentary .lifestyle
genetics
age
poor .diet
Dyslipidemia; .pathophysiology .- .ANS✓✓-abnormal .lipid .levels .in .the .blood;
.forms .plaque .in .the .arteries
dyslipidemia; .SxS .- .ANS✓✓-chest .pain/tightness
dizziness
heart .palpitations
exhaustion
swelling .of .ankles/feet
trouble .breathing
dyslipidemia; .risk .factors .- .ANS✓✓-smoking
weight
HTN
DM
sat .fats.
Right .heart .failure; .pathophysiology .- .ANS✓✓-right .side .of .the .heart .fails .to
.pump .blood .effectively; .fluid .buildup .in .lower .extremities; .usually .comes .after
.LSHF
RSHF; .SxS .- .ANS✓✓-pitting .edema
distended .neck .veins
hepatic .congestion
decrease .appetite
nausea
ascites
cyanosis
Left .side .Heart .Failure; .pathophysiology .- .ANS✓✓-left .side .of .heart .does .not
.effectively .pump .oxygenated .blood .to .the .body; .blood .builds .up .to .the .lungs
RSHF; .risk .factors .- .ANS✓✓-high .BP
CAD
heart .attack
diabetes
sleep .apnea
smoking
alcohol .use
LSHF; .SxS .- .ANS✓✓-fluid .on .lungs
