NUR 239 Exam 3 Solution Manual Fully Solved Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
Upon admission assessment, the nurse hears a murmur located at the fifth intercostal space,
midclavicular line. The client asks, "What does that mean?" The nurse will base her answer on which of
the following physiologic principles? - Answers "You have a heart valve that is diseased."
A client is diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm that the physician just wants to "watch" for
now. When teaching the client about signs/symptoms to watch for, the nurse will base the teaching on
which of the following physiological principles? - Answers As the aneurysm grows, more tension is
placed on the vessel wall, which increases the risk for rupture.
A client has entered hypovolemic shock after massive blood loss in a car accident. Many of the client's
peripheral blood vessels have consequently collapsed. How does the Laplace law account for this
pathophysiologic phenomenon? - Answers Blood pressure is no longer able to overcome vessel wall
tension.
Which of the following statements about vascular compliance is accurate? - Answers Veins can act as a
reservoir for storing large quantities of blood.
In the days following a tooth cleaning and root canal, a client has developed an infection of the thin,
three-layered membrane that lines the heart and covers the valves. What is this client's most likely
diagnosis? - Answers Endocarditis
Following several weeks of increasing fatigue and a subsequent diagnostic workup, a client has been
diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. Failure of this heart valve would have which of the following
consequences? - Answers Backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium
Heart muscle differs from skeletal muscle tissue by being able to generate: - Answers Action potentials
When discussing the AV node's role in the electrical conduction of the heart with a client newly
diagnosed with an AV block, which of the following statements are accurate? Select all that apply. -
Answers A block at the AV bundle of His interferes with the normal delay of the impulse, thereby
interfering with complete ejection of blood from the atria prior to ventricular contraction.
When there is an AV block, impulses from the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other so,
the heart rhythm is usually chaotic and not regular.
If the parasympathetic neurotransmitter releases acetylcholine, the nurse should anticipate observing
what changes in the ECG pattern? - Answers Slowing of heart rate to below 60 beats/minute
When explaining a new diagnosis of complete heart block to a client/family, the nurse should include
which of the following statements? - Answers "One consequence of this type of block is a very slow
heart rate that limits circulation to the brain."
,A male client with a history of angina has presented to the emergency department with uncharacteristic
chest pain, and his subsequent ECG reveals T-wave elevation. This finding suggests an abnormality with
which of the following aspects of the cardiac cycle? - Answers Ventricular repolarization
During ventricular systole, closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves coincides with: - Answers
Isovolumetric contraction
A heart failure client has an echocardiogram performed revealing an ejection fraction (EF) of 40%. The
nurse knows this EF is below normal and explains to the client: - Answers "This means your heart is not
pumping as much blood out of the heart with each beat."
A client with a history of heart failure has been referred for an echocardiogram. Results of this
diagnostic test reveal the following findings: heart rate 80 beats/minute; end-diastolic volume 120 mL;
and end-systolic volume 60 mL. What is this client's ejection fraction? - Answers 50%
Preload represents the volume work of the heart and is largely determined by: - Answers Venous blood
return
A client with a diagnosis of secondary hypertension has begun to experience signs and symptoms that
are consistent with decreased cardiac output. Which of the following determinants of cardiac output is
hypertension most likely to affect directly? - Answers Afterload
Hypoxia is said to have a negative inotropic effect on the heart, which means: - Answers There will be
interference in the generation of ATP, which is needed for muscle contraction.
A large increase in heart rate can cause: - Answers Decreased stroke volume
Which of the following statements about calcium channel-blocking (CCB) drugs is accurate? - Answers
CCB drugs work on β-adrenergic receptors to close the channels, so vasodilation occurs.
Following a hypertensive crisis, a client's family asks, "Why are the client's eyes so bloodshot?" The
nurse responds that high arterial pressure: - Answers Damages more fragile blood vessels like those in
the eyes to the point of rupture
A client who lives with angina pectoris has taken a sublingual dose of nitroglycerin to treat the chest
pain he experiences while mowing his lawn. This drug facilitates release of nitric oxide, which will have
what physiologic effect? - Answers Smooth muscle relaxation of vessels
Following a kitchen accident with a knife, the client's cut has experienced a decrease in the amount of
bleeding and has developed a clot. The nurse knows this is primarily a result of humoral control of blood
flow with the release of: - Answers Serotonin
A client has had a myocardial infarction (MI) that damaged the right atrium, which has interfered with
the SA node. The compensatory mechanism, the AV node, becomes the pacemaker of the heart and
beats how many times/minute? - Answers 45 to 50 beats/minute
, A client asks why he has not had major heart damage since his cardiac catheterization revealed he has
98% blockage of the right coronary artery. The nurse's best response is: - Answers "You have small
channels between some of your arteries, so you can get blood from a patent artery to one severely
blocked."
The parasympathetic nervous system causes a slowing of the heart rate by increasing: - Answers
Cardioinhibitory center
A client asks, "Why do I have clogged arteries but my neighbor has higher 'bad cholesterol' levels and yet
he is just fine?" The health care provider bases the reply on which of the following physiological
principles about lipoprotein? - Answers "You more than likely have small, dense type of 'bad cholesterol'
(LDL)."
Which of the following would be considered a major cause of secondary hyperlipoproteinemia since it
increases the production of VLDL and conversion to LDL? - Answers High-calorie diet
Which elevated serum marker for systemic inflammation is now considered a major risk factor for
atherosclerosis and vascular disease? - Answers C-reactive protein
The most important complication of atherosclerosis that may cause occlusion of small heart vessels is: -
Answers Thrombosis
In addition to direct invasion of the vascular wall by an infectious agent, this pathogenic mechanism is a
common cause of vasculitis? - Answers Immune-mediated inflammation
Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is symptomatic with at least 50% occlusion. The primary
peripheral symptom, due to ischemia, is: - Answers Calf pain
A client with a history of disabling claudication now is in the emergency department with a lower limb
that is turning dark purple to black associated with faint Doppler pedal pulses. The client will more than
likely undergo: - Answers Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement
A health care provider was asked by a client, "Why do my hands turn blue when I drive my car in the
winter without gloves?" Which of the following is the best response? - Answers "Your arteries in your
hands/fingers are going into spasm, which decreases blood flow and circulating oxygen."
Because of its location, the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm may first be manifested as: -
Answers A pulsating mass
While lecturing on blood pressure, the nurse will emphasize that the body maintains its blood pressure
by adjusting the cardiac output to compensate for changes in which of the following physiologic
processes? - Answers Peripheral vascular resistance
A client asks why his blood pressure pills seem to make him go to the bathroom to urinate frequently
when they are not water pills (diuretics). Which of the following physiologic processes explains the long-
Upon admission assessment, the nurse hears a murmur located at the fifth intercostal space,
midclavicular line. The client asks, "What does that mean?" The nurse will base her answer on which of
the following physiologic principles? - Answers "You have a heart valve that is diseased."
A client is diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm that the physician just wants to "watch" for
now. When teaching the client about signs/symptoms to watch for, the nurse will base the teaching on
which of the following physiological principles? - Answers As the aneurysm grows, more tension is
placed on the vessel wall, which increases the risk for rupture.
A client has entered hypovolemic shock after massive blood loss in a car accident. Many of the client's
peripheral blood vessels have consequently collapsed. How does the Laplace law account for this
pathophysiologic phenomenon? - Answers Blood pressure is no longer able to overcome vessel wall
tension.
Which of the following statements about vascular compliance is accurate? - Answers Veins can act as a
reservoir for storing large quantities of blood.
In the days following a tooth cleaning and root canal, a client has developed an infection of the thin,
three-layered membrane that lines the heart and covers the valves. What is this client's most likely
diagnosis? - Answers Endocarditis
Following several weeks of increasing fatigue and a subsequent diagnostic workup, a client has been
diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. Failure of this heart valve would have which of the following
consequences? - Answers Backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium
Heart muscle differs from skeletal muscle tissue by being able to generate: - Answers Action potentials
When discussing the AV node's role in the electrical conduction of the heart with a client newly
diagnosed with an AV block, which of the following statements are accurate? Select all that apply. -
Answers A block at the AV bundle of His interferes with the normal delay of the impulse, thereby
interfering with complete ejection of blood from the atria prior to ventricular contraction.
When there is an AV block, impulses from the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other so,
the heart rhythm is usually chaotic and not regular.
If the parasympathetic neurotransmitter releases acetylcholine, the nurse should anticipate observing
what changes in the ECG pattern? - Answers Slowing of heart rate to below 60 beats/minute
When explaining a new diagnosis of complete heart block to a client/family, the nurse should include
which of the following statements? - Answers "One consequence of this type of block is a very slow
heart rate that limits circulation to the brain."
,A male client with a history of angina has presented to the emergency department with uncharacteristic
chest pain, and his subsequent ECG reveals T-wave elevation. This finding suggests an abnormality with
which of the following aspects of the cardiac cycle? - Answers Ventricular repolarization
During ventricular systole, closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves coincides with: - Answers
Isovolumetric contraction
A heart failure client has an echocardiogram performed revealing an ejection fraction (EF) of 40%. The
nurse knows this EF is below normal and explains to the client: - Answers "This means your heart is not
pumping as much blood out of the heart with each beat."
A client with a history of heart failure has been referred for an echocardiogram. Results of this
diagnostic test reveal the following findings: heart rate 80 beats/minute; end-diastolic volume 120 mL;
and end-systolic volume 60 mL. What is this client's ejection fraction? - Answers 50%
Preload represents the volume work of the heart and is largely determined by: - Answers Venous blood
return
A client with a diagnosis of secondary hypertension has begun to experience signs and symptoms that
are consistent with decreased cardiac output. Which of the following determinants of cardiac output is
hypertension most likely to affect directly? - Answers Afterload
Hypoxia is said to have a negative inotropic effect on the heart, which means: - Answers There will be
interference in the generation of ATP, which is needed for muscle contraction.
A large increase in heart rate can cause: - Answers Decreased stroke volume
Which of the following statements about calcium channel-blocking (CCB) drugs is accurate? - Answers
CCB drugs work on β-adrenergic receptors to close the channels, so vasodilation occurs.
Following a hypertensive crisis, a client's family asks, "Why are the client's eyes so bloodshot?" The
nurse responds that high arterial pressure: - Answers Damages more fragile blood vessels like those in
the eyes to the point of rupture
A client who lives with angina pectoris has taken a sublingual dose of nitroglycerin to treat the chest
pain he experiences while mowing his lawn. This drug facilitates release of nitric oxide, which will have
what physiologic effect? - Answers Smooth muscle relaxation of vessels
Following a kitchen accident with a knife, the client's cut has experienced a decrease in the amount of
bleeding and has developed a clot. The nurse knows this is primarily a result of humoral control of blood
flow with the release of: - Answers Serotonin
A client has had a myocardial infarction (MI) that damaged the right atrium, which has interfered with
the SA node. The compensatory mechanism, the AV node, becomes the pacemaker of the heart and
beats how many times/minute? - Answers 45 to 50 beats/minute
, A client asks why he has not had major heart damage since his cardiac catheterization revealed he has
98% blockage of the right coronary artery. The nurse's best response is: - Answers "You have small
channels between some of your arteries, so you can get blood from a patent artery to one severely
blocked."
The parasympathetic nervous system causes a slowing of the heart rate by increasing: - Answers
Cardioinhibitory center
A client asks, "Why do I have clogged arteries but my neighbor has higher 'bad cholesterol' levels and yet
he is just fine?" The health care provider bases the reply on which of the following physiological
principles about lipoprotein? - Answers "You more than likely have small, dense type of 'bad cholesterol'
(LDL)."
Which of the following would be considered a major cause of secondary hyperlipoproteinemia since it
increases the production of VLDL and conversion to LDL? - Answers High-calorie diet
Which elevated serum marker for systemic inflammation is now considered a major risk factor for
atherosclerosis and vascular disease? - Answers C-reactive protein
The most important complication of atherosclerosis that may cause occlusion of small heart vessels is: -
Answers Thrombosis
In addition to direct invasion of the vascular wall by an infectious agent, this pathogenic mechanism is a
common cause of vasculitis? - Answers Immune-mediated inflammation
Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is symptomatic with at least 50% occlusion. The primary
peripheral symptom, due to ischemia, is: - Answers Calf pain
A client with a history of disabling claudication now is in the emergency department with a lower limb
that is turning dark purple to black associated with faint Doppler pedal pulses. The client will more than
likely undergo: - Answers Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement
A health care provider was asked by a client, "Why do my hands turn blue when I drive my car in the
winter without gloves?" Which of the following is the best response? - Answers "Your arteries in your
hands/fingers are going into spasm, which decreases blood flow and circulating oxygen."
Because of its location, the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm may first be manifested as: -
Answers A pulsating mass
While lecturing on blood pressure, the nurse will emphasize that the body maintains its blood pressure
by adjusting the cardiac output to compensate for changes in which of the following physiologic
processes? - Answers Peripheral vascular resistance
A client asks why his blood pressure pills seem to make him go to the bathroom to urinate frequently
when they are not water pills (diuretics). Which of the following physiologic processes explains the long-
