AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT MIDTERM EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT MIDTERM EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ secularization - ANSWERS>>>>>A process of removing institutions such as education and government from the dominance or influence of religion. Decline in influence in religion Indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration authoritarian - ANSWERS>>>>>A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power. A style of government characterized by submission to authority. It tends to opposed individualism and democracy. In its most extreme cases it is one in which political power is concentrated in a leader or leaders, who possess exclusive, unaccountable, and arbitrary power. ideology - ANSWERS>>>>>A consistent set of beliefs by groups/individuals A comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and about the role of an institution or government. A consistent pattern of opinion on particular issues that stems from a core belief or set of beliefs Legitimacy - ANSWERS>>>>>When/How people accept Government's authority to make policy Provides Political stability (gov is in control) Having (a kind of) legitimacy doesn't mean a high leg. rate E.g. Nigeria and Iran currently have a low legitimacy rate Analyzing Quantitative data to conclude qualitative statement = rate of legitimacy E.g. Iranian presidential election turnout rate ▶ ️ People not interested in the election ▶ People don't think the result of the president can make real changes ▶ People have no faith in the current gov. ▶ Iran currently has a low leg. rate Traditional Legitimacy - ANSWERS>>>>>Traditions are long-established practices with historical or religious significance that lend credibility to government decisions Have been in place for an extended period Have been related to some religion/culture popular and traditional E.g 1). Iran's leadership connection to Shia Islam, a supreme leader of both spiritual & political authority came from the country's religious leadership, cultures, and history (1979 revolution) E.g 2). Putin's close connection to leaders of the Russian Orthodox church = using religious authority to strengthen political position Charismatic Legitimacy - ANSWERS>>>>>Found in the personal appeal of an individual with a compelling (strong) vision that attracts multiple followers Example: Chairman Mao in China, and Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran gain power through their charisma Rational-legal Legitimacy - ANSWERS>>>>>The government's authority is based on a system of rules and laws that are applied fairly and consistently People accept cuz it follows these rules, not cuz of tradition or a leader's charisma Kind of legitimacy we see in modern democracies, leaders are chosen through elections, and their power is limited by laws. The Largest Legitimacy in the 6 countries - ANSWERS>>>>>Russia: Rational-legal Iran: Traditional U.K.: Rational-legal China: Rational-legal Mexico: Rational-legal Nigeria: Rational-legal Constitutional gov - ANSWERS>>>>>Rule of Law: Formal rules/law are consistently applied to the gov Principles and limits set out in that constitution are followed and enforced Example: U.K. has a constitutional monarchy Gov Having Constitution - ANSWERS>>>>>Presence of a document A country has a formal document called a constitution, which outlines the structure, powers, and principles of the gov Having a constitution doesn't guarantee that the government will abide by its rules, the Constitution could be ignored, manipulated, or unenforced For example, many authoritarian regimes have constitutions, but they often disregard constitutional limits or concentrate power in ways that the constitution might not permit. Democratization - ANSWERS>>>>>A process that occurs over a period of time as a state deepens its commitment to free and fair elections and protecting civil liberties plurality - ANSWERS>>>>>Candidate or party with the most votes cast in an election, not necessarily more than half. (in an election with more than 2 options) the number of votes for the candidate or party receiving the greatest number (but less that half of the votes) majority - ANSWERS>>>>>more than half (elections) more than half of the votes Third World - ANSWERS>>>>>Also known as developing nations; nations outside the capitalist industrial nations of the first world and the industrialized communist nations of the second world; generally less economically powerful, but with varied economies. Term applied to a group of "developing" or "underdeveloped" countries who professed nonalignment during the Cold War. Prime minster - ANSWERS>>>>>highest official in a parliamentary government appointed by the president and has responsibility for the day-to-day running of the government, in fact the division of responsibility between the president and the prime minster, has varied not only with the personalities of those who hold both offices, but also with the conditions under which they serve. Members of Parliament (MPs) - ANSWERS>>>>>Represents an area known as a riding; belongs to a political party; important ones become ministers in the cabinet; lesser ones are called backbenchers Elected members of the British or other parliament. The Crown - ANSWERS>>>>>This political institution is mainly a figurehead. Battle of Hastings - ANSWERS>>>>>(1066 CE) The Norman invasion of England; this was the largest battle. the decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest Magna Carta - ANSWERS>>>>>(1215) a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John "Lackland" of Englad was forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom "the Great Charter"; a written legal agreement signed in 1215 that limited the English monarch's power Model Parliament - ANSWERS>>>>>a council of lords, clergy, and common people that advised the English king on government matters (1295) English Parliament where bishops and abbots, peers, two knights from each shire, and two representatives from each town all met in modern format for the first time.