AAFCS Questions With Correct Answers
|Latest Updates
What are Water Soluble Vitamins? i. Not stored, excreted in the urine
ii. Should be taken on a regular basis to prevent shortage
iii. B12 is the only one stored - in the liver for several years
Thiamin B1 - help change carbohydrate into energy, essential for health of heart and nerve
function.
Deficiency: BeriBeri
Toxicity: none
Sources: peas, fresh and dried fruit, eggs, whole grain breads, some fortified bfast cereals, and
liver.
Riboflavin B2 - keep skin, eyes and the nervous system healthy. The body release energy
from food. Aids in body growth and RBC production.
Deficiency: sore throat, redness and swelling of the mouth and throat, cracks or sores on the
outsides of the lips (cheilosis) stomatitis - corners of the lips, inflammation of the tongue.
,Toxicity: none
Sources: milk, eggs, fortified bfast cereals, rice
*UV Light can destroy riboflavin, so ideally these foods should be kept out of direct sunlight*
Niacin B3 - release energy from foods we eat. Keeps the nervous system and skin healthy,
may help lower cholesterol
Deficiency: Pellagra - a reversible nutritional waste disease characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis,
dementia and death (the 4 D's) . Casal's necklace lesions, hyperpigmentation, thickening of the
skin, inflammation of the mouth and tongue, digestive disturbances, amnesia and delirium.
[common in alcoholics - oral supplementation can reverse]
Toxicity: skin flushes, could lead to liver damage with long term supplementation.
Sources: meat, fish, wheat flour, eggs, milk, peanuts, avocado, peas, potatoes, brown rice
Pantothenic Acid B5 - used to produces hormones. A necessary component of Coenzyme
A. Synthesize and metabolize proteins, carbs and fats.
Deficiency: malaise, irritability, insomnia, vomiting, depression, stomach pains, burning feet and
upper respiratory infections.
,Toxicity: unlikely
Sources: animal proteins, avocado, broccoli, kale (and other veg in the cabbage fam), eggs,
legumes and lentils, milk, mushrooms, and organ meats.
Pyroxidine B6 - benefits the central nervous system by producing neurotransmitters
serotonin and norepinephrine, and in forming myelin. Helps form RBC's and improves brain
function. Role in proteins/chemical reactions. More protein consumption requires increase
consumption of pyroxidine
Deficiency: dermatitis, sore tongue, cracked lips, weakened immune system, encephalopathy,
seizures, tingling in hands and feet, malaise, and mood changes. [may be observed in end-stage
kidney disease or malabsorption syndromes (such as Celiac, Chrone's, and Ulcertive Cholitis)]
Toxicity: severe nerve damage and loss of control of bodily movements (caused by too much
supplementation - rare)
Sources: pork, poultry, fish, bread, whole grain cereals, eggs, veg and soya beans
Biotin B7 - metabolism of protein/carbs through Gluconeogenesis - Biotin containing
enzymes help initiate this process. Fatty acid synthesis. Production of hormones.
Deficiency: Relatively rare. Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis. [may be seen in those compromised
by alcoholism or pregnancy/breast feeding]
, Sources: walnuts, peanuts, cereals, milk and egg yolks. Whole meal bread, salmon, pork,
sardines, mushroom, cauliflower, avocados, bananas and raspberries.
Cobalamin B12 - a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid
metabolism. Helps form RBC's and the central nervous system.
Deficiency: anemia's (pernicious, megaloblastic, and subacute), degeneration of spinal cord
(nerve problems), methylmalonic acidemia, fatigue, heart palpitations and shortness of breath,
pale skin, constipation/diarrhea/loss of appetite/gas, and vision loss. [folate supplementation can
mask deficiency]
Toxicity: dizziness, headache, anxiety, nausea, vomiting
Sources: eggs, salmon, liver, nutritional yeast, sardines.
Folate B9 - w/ Cobalamin helps produce RBC's and used to make DNA. Helps convert
food (carbs) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy.
Deficiency: persistent fatigue, weakness, lethargy, pale skin, shortness of breath, and irritability.
In pregnancy can cause severe birth defects - the vitamin is important in the growth of the fetus's
spinal cord and brain. [mutation in the MTHFR gene]
Toxicity: may cause neurological injury when given to patients undiagnosed with pernicious
anemia
|Latest Updates
What are Water Soluble Vitamins? i. Not stored, excreted in the urine
ii. Should be taken on a regular basis to prevent shortage
iii. B12 is the only one stored - in the liver for several years
Thiamin B1 - help change carbohydrate into energy, essential for health of heart and nerve
function.
Deficiency: BeriBeri
Toxicity: none
Sources: peas, fresh and dried fruit, eggs, whole grain breads, some fortified bfast cereals, and
liver.
Riboflavin B2 - keep skin, eyes and the nervous system healthy. The body release energy
from food. Aids in body growth and RBC production.
Deficiency: sore throat, redness and swelling of the mouth and throat, cracks or sores on the
outsides of the lips (cheilosis) stomatitis - corners of the lips, inflammation of the tongue.
,Toxicity: none
Sources: milk, eggs, fortified bfast cereals, rice
*UV Light can destroy riboflavin, so ideally these foods should be kept out of direct sunlight*
Niacin B3 - release energy from foods we eat. Keeps the nervous system and skin healthy,
may help lower cholesterol
Deficiency: Pellagra - a reversible nutritional waste disease characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis,
dementia and death (the 4 D's) . Casal's necklace lesions, hyperpigmentation, thickening of the
skin, inflammation of the mouth and tongue, digestive disturbances, amnesia and delirium.
[common in alcoholics - oral supplementation can reverse]
Toxicity: skin flushes, could lead to liver damage with long term supplementation.
Sources: meat, fish, wheat flour, eggs, milk, peanuts, avocado, peas, potatoes, brown rice
Pantothenic Acid B5 - used to produces hormones. A necessary component of Coenzyme
A. Synthesize and metabolize proteins, carbs and fats.
Deficiency: malaise, irritability, insomnia, vomiting, depression, stomach pains, burning feet and
upper respiratory infections.
,Toxicity: unlikely
Sources: animal proteins, avocado, broccoli, kale (and other veg in the cabbage fam), eggs,
legumes and lentils, milk, mushrooms, and organ meats.
Pyroxidine B6 - benefits the central nervous system by producing neurotransmitters
serotonin and norepinephrine, and in forming myelin. Helps form RBC's and improves brain
function. Role in proteins/chemical reactions. More protein consumption requires increase
consumption of pyroxidine
Deficiency: dermatitis, sore tongue, cracked lips, weakened immune system, encephalopathy,
seizures, tingling in hands and feet, malaise, and mood changes. [may be observed in end-stage
kidney disease or malabsorption syndromes (such as Celiac, Chrone's, and Ulcertive Cholitis)]
Toxicity: severe nerve damage and loss of control of bodily movements (caused by too much
supplementation - rare)
Sources: pork, poultry, fish, bread, whole grain cereals, eggs, veg and soya beans
Biotin B7 - metabolism of protein/carbs through Gluconeogenesis - Biotin containing
enzymes help initiate this process. Fatty acid synthesis. Production of hormones.
Deficiency: Relatively rare. Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis. [may be seen in those compromised
by alcoholism or pregnancy/breast feeding]
, Sources: walnuts, peanuts, cereals, milk and egg yolks. Whole meal bread, salmon, pork,
sardines, mushroom, cauliflower, avocados, bananas and raspberries.
Cobalamin B12 - a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid
metabolism. Helps form RBC's and the central nervous system.
Deficiency: anemia's (pernicious, megaloblastic, and subacute), degeneration of spinal cord
(nerve problems), methylmalonic acidemia, fatigue, heart palpitations and shortness of breath,
pale skin, constipation/diarrhea/loss of appetite/gas, and vision loss. [folate supplementation can
mask deficiency]
Toxicity: dizziness, headache, anxiety, nausea, vomiting
Sources: eggs, salmon, liver, nutritional yeast, sardines.
Folate B9 - w/ Cobalamin helps produce RBC's and used to make DNA. Helps convert
food (carbs) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy.
Deficiency: persistent fatigue, weakness, lethargy, pale skin, shortness of breath, and irritability.
In pregnancy can cause severe birth defects - the vitamin is important in the growth of the fetus's
spinal cord and brain. [mutation in the MTHFR gene]
Toxicity: may cause neurological injury when given to patients undiagnosed with pernicious
anemia
