NSG 2050 Exam Questions with Correct
Solutions
early recognition of malnutrition and patients at risk=
better patient outcomes
how do you recognize patients early for malnutrition?
general survey
lab values
metrics
screenings
patient history
why must you know a patient is malnourished upon admission?
infections delay healing
skin breakdown
muscle and GI function
malnutrition is linked to
hospitalizations
readmissions
higher mortality rates
increased costs
when assessing a patients history in regards to malnutrition, what should you assess?
-weight changes (loss or gain)
-food preferences and eating patterns
-values, beliefs, and attitudes
,-socio-economic access to food
-physical access to food
when is assessment screening done for malnutrition?
upon admission and change in patient condition
what objective measures do you assess in screening?
height
weight
weight change
diagnosis
comorbidities
what are some risk factors for malnutrition to assess during screening?
-unintentional weight loss
-modified diet
-N/V/D
-inability to ingest, digest or absorb nutrients
-burns
-wounds
Anthropometry
the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.
rapid weight gain is usually due to increased amounts of
fluid
when taking labs for a malnutrition patient, what labs should you assess?
,albumin
pre-albumin
c-reactive protein
what is not considered a lab value but still essential to calculate?
nitrogen balance
what does albumin indicate?
chronic illness and it is a poor indicator of acute changes
what is the physiological process of albumin?
20-22 day half life, lags behind in actual protein changes by two weeks
what is the normal albumin range?
3.4-5.4 g/dL
what does pre-albumin indicate?
acute illness and current nutritional state
what is the half life of pre-albumin?
2 days
what is the normal range of pre-albumin?
16-40 mg/dL
when is the C-reactive protein (CRP) elevated?
during inflammation
what happens when there is a high CRP and a low albumin/ pre-albumin?
inflammation not malnutrition
, nitrogen balance relates to
protein
positive nitrogen balance is
anabolic state
negative nitrogen balance is
catabolic state
when does a nitrogen balance need to be positive?
2-3g
when performing a physical assessment for malnutrition what should you assess?
-general
-integumentary
-respiratory
-CV
-neuro
-musculoskeletal
what are some general signs of malnutrition?
listlessness
cachetctic
what are some integumentary signs for malnutrition?
-dry, brittle, sparse hair that lacks luster
-britter, ridged nails
-cool, dry skin with decreased tone and elasticity
Solutions
early recognition of malnutrition and patients at risk=
better patient outcomes
how do you recognize patients early for malnutrition?
general survey
lab values
metrics
screenings
patient history
why must you know a patient is malnourished upon admission?
infections delay healing
skin breakdown
muscle and GI function
malnutrition is linked to
hospitalizations
readmissions
higher mortality rates
increased costs
when assessing a patients history in regards to malnutrition, what should you assess?
-weight changes (loss or gain)
-food preferences and eating patterns
-values, beliefs, and attitudes
,-socio-economic access to food
-physical access to food
when is assessment screening done for malnutrition?
upon admission and change in patient condition
what objective measures do you assess in screening?
height
weight
weight change
diagnosis
comorbidities
what are some risk factors for malnutrition to assess during screening?
-unintentional weight loss
-modified diet
-N/V/D
-inability to ingest, digest or absorb nutrients
-burns
-wounds
Anthropometry
the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.
rapid weight gain is usually due to increased amounts of
fluid
when taking labs for a malnutrition patient, what labs should you assess?
,albumin
pre-albumin
c-reactive protein
what is not considered a lab value but still essential to calculate?
nitrogen balance
what does albumin indicate?
chronic illness and it is a poor indicator of acute changes
what is the physiological process of albumin?
20-22 day half life, lags behind in actual protein changes by two weeks
what is the normal albumin range?
3.4-5.4 g/dL
what does pre-albumin indicate?
acute illness and current nutritional state
what is the half life of pre-albumin?
2 days
what is the normal range of pre-albumin?
16-40 mg/dL
when is the C-reactive protein (CRP) elevated?
during inflammation
what happens when there is a high CRP and a low albumin/ pre-albumin?
inflammation not malnutrition
, nitrogen balance relates to
protein
positive nitrogen balance is
anabolic state
negative nitrogen balance is
catabolic state
when does a nitrogen balance need to be positive?
2-3g
when performing a physical assessment for malnutrition what should you assess?
-general
-integumentary
-respiratory
-CV
-neuro
-musculoskeletal
what are some general signs of malnutrition?
listlessness
cachetctic
what are some integumentary signs for malnutrition?
-dry, brittle, sparse hair that lacks luster
-britter, ridged nails
-cool, dry skin with decreased tone and elasticity
