Questions and CORRECT Answers
"After long periods of error, philosophers have at last discovered the true rights of man and how
they can all be deduced from the single truth: that man is a perceptive being capable of reason
and acquiring moral ideas.
At last, man could proclaim his rights out loud, rights that for so long had been ignored. He
could submit all opinions to his own reason and use that reason to search for truth. Every man
learned with pride that nature had not forever condemned him to base his beliefs on the opinions
of others or the superstitions of antiquity.
Thus developed an understanding that the natural rights of man are inalienable and cannot be
forfeited and a strongly expressed desire for freedom of thought, trade, and profession. There
also developed a desire to alleviate people's suffering, to eliminate all criminal laws against
political dissenters, and to abolish torture. A desire arose for a milder system of criminal l -
CORRECT ANSWER - People have natural rights that can be established through rational
inquiry.
"After long periods of error, philosophers have at last discovered the true rights of man and how
they can all be deduced from the single truth: that man is a perceptive being capable of reason
and acquiring moral ideas.
At last, man could proclaim his rights out loud, rights that for so long had been ignored. He
could submit all opinions to his own reason and use that reason to search for truth. Every man
learned with pride that nature had not forever condemned him to base his beliefs on the opinions
of others or the superstitions of antiquity.
Thus developed an understanding that the natural rights of man are inalienable and cannot be
forfeited and a strongly expressed desire for freedom of thought, trade, and profession. There
also developed a desire to alleviate people's suffering, to eliminate all criminal laws against
political dissenters, and to abolish torture. A desire arose for a milder system of criminal l -
CORRECT ANSWER - Religion has been a force holding back the progress of humanity.
"After long periods of error, philosophers have at last discovered the true rights of man and how
they can all be deduced from the single truth: that man is a perceptive being capable of reason
and acquiring moral ideas.
At last, man could proclaim his rights out loud, rights that for so long had been ignored. He
could submit all opinions to his own reason and use that reason to search for truth. Every man
, learned with pride that nature had not forever condemned him to base his beliefs on the opinions
of others or the superstitions of antiquity.
Thus developed an understanding that the natural rights of man are inalienable and cannot be
forfeited and a strongly expressed desire for freedom of thought, trade, and profession. There
also developed a desire to alleviate people's suffering, to eliminate all criminal laws against
political dissenters, and to abolish torture. A desire arose for a milder system of criminal l -
CORRECT ANSWER - The French Revolution has advanced the principles of
Enlightenment.
Source 1
"Beloved brothers in Christ, here again we should see and admire the boundless love of God
toward us, that He has placed over us this great empire of the Ottomans. The Empire is a mighty
obstacle to the Latin heretics in the West. By contrast, to us, the Orthodox people of the East, the
Empire has been a means of salvation. For God has continued to put into the heart of the Sultan
of these Ottomans an inclination to keep free the religious beliefs of our Orthodox faith and to
protect us, even to the point of occasionally chastising Christians who deviate from their faith.
Brothers, lately you would have heard a lot about this new system of 'liberty' originating in
France. But let us examine the concept more carefully to see if it can be reconciled with good
civil government and safety for the citizens. We see from the example of the French Republic
that a national, democratic form of government can only prov - CORRECT ANSWER -
Source 1 emphasizes the importance of religious identities and solidarities as drivers of human
behavior, whereas Source 2 emphasizes the importance of ethno-linguistic identities and
solidarities as drivers of human behavior.
Source 1
"Beloved brothers in Christ, here again we should see and admire the boundless love of God
toward us, that He has placed over us this great empire of the Ottomans. The Empire is a mighty
obstacle to the Latin heretics in the West. By contrast, to us, the Orthodox people of the East, the
Empire has been a means of salvation. For God has continued to put into the heart of the Sultan
of these Ottomans an inclination to keep free the religious beliefs of our Orthodox faith and to
protect us, even to the point of occasionally chastising Christians who deviate from their faith.
Brothers, lately you would have heard a lot about this new system of 'liberty' originating in
France. But let us examine the concept more carefully to see if it can be reconciled with good
civil government and safety for the citizens. We see from the example of the French Republic
that a national, democratic form of government can only prov - CORRECT ANSWER -
Source 1 rejects the ideas because of the threat they represent to multinational empires, whereas
Source 2 rejects the ideas because of the universal and equalizing nature of their claims.