Psych 1 CFE Exam Review
What are the perspectives in psychology? - answer Biological, cognitive, humanistic,
psychoanalytic, and sociocultural perspectives
What is humanism? - answer Focuses on the study of conscious experience, the
individual's freedom to choose, and the capacity for personal growth
Who is Wilhelm Wundt? - answer The father of psychology, started the first laboratory
for studying humans
What is experimental psychology? - answer The study of behavior and thinking using
the scientific method
What is cognitive psychology? - answer A school of thought that focuses on how people
think - how we take in, process, store, and retrieve information
What is an independent variable? - answer factor in an experiment that a scientist
purposely changes
What is a dependent variable? - answerThe dependent variable is the variable that is
measured
What is a Placebo effect? - answerMembers of the control group experience the effects
of the experiment, even though they did not receive the independent variable
What is a longitudinal study? - answerA research technique that follows the same group
of individuals over a long period
What is a cross-sectional study? - answera study in which people of different ages are
compared with one another at one time
What is a positive correlation? - answeras one variable increases, so does the other
What is a negative correlation? - answeras one variable increases, the other decreases
What is a survey? - answerA research technique that questions a sample of people to
collect information about their attitudes or behaviors
What happens in Harry Harlow's monkey study? - answerThe monkeys had to choose
between a cloth mother or a wire mother that provided food; Monkeys preferred contact
with the comfortable cloth mother, even while feeding from the nourishing wire mother
, What is Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development? - answerStage 1 Trust vs.
Mistrust
Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame
Stage 3 Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion
Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 8 Ego Integrity vs. Despair
(KNOW WHAT THEY ARE!)
What is Piaget's theory of cognitive development? - answerStage 1 Sensorimotor
period:
Birth-2 years
Children explore using senses
No Object permanence
Stage 2 Preoperational Period:
2-7 years
Egocentrism
Conservation issues
Doesn't understand Centration or Irreversibility
Stage 3 Concrete operational period:
7-12 years
Understands Conservation
reversibility
Classification
Concrete logic
Stage 4 Formal operational period:
12 years to adulthood
Abstractions and analogies
Hypothesis testing
"What if..."
What is egocentrism? - answerin Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty
taking another's point of view
What is fetal alcohol syndrome? - answerPhysical and cognitive abnormalities that
appear in children whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol while pregnant.
What are primary sex characteristics? - answerThings that lead directly to reproduction.
The reproductive organs
What are the perspectives in psychology? - answer Biological, cognitive, humanistic,
psychoanalytic, and sociocultural perspectives
What is humanism? - answer Focuses on the study of conscious experience, the
individual's freedom to choose, and the capacity for personal growth
Who is Wilhelm Wundt? - answer The father of psychology, started the first laboratory
for studying humans
What is experimental psychology? - answer The study of behavior and thinking using
the scientific method
What is cognitive psychology? - answer A school of thought that focuses on how people
think - how we take in, process, store, and retrieve information
What is an independent variable? - answer factor in an experiment that a scientist
purposely changes
What is a dependent variable? - answerThe dependent variable is the variable that is
measured
What is a Placebo effect? - answerMembers of the control group experience the effects
of the experiment, even though they did not receive the independent variable
What is a longitudinal study? - answerA research technique that follows the same group
of individuals over a long period
What is a cross-sectional study? - answera study in which people of different ages are
compared with one another at one time
What is a positive correlation? - answeras one variable increases, so does the other
What is a negative correlation? - answeras one variable increases, the other decreases
What is a survey? - answerA research technique that questions a sample of people to
collect information about their attitudes or behaviors
What happens in Harry Harlow's monkey study? - answerThe monkeys had to choose
between a cloth mother or a wire mother that provided food; Monkeys preferred contact
with the comfortable cloth mother, even while feeding from the nourishing wire mother
, What is Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development? - answerStage 1 Trust vs.
Mistrust
Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame
Stage 3 Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion
Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 8 Ego Integrity vs. Despair
(KNOW WHAT THEY ARE!)
What is Piaget's theory of cognitive development? - answerStage 1 Sensorimotor
period:
Birth-2 years
Children explore using senses
No Object permanence
Stage 2 Preoperational Period:
2-7 years
Egocentrism
Conservation issues
Doesn't understand Centration or Irreversibility
Stage 3 Concrete operational period:
7-12 years
Understands Conservation
reversibility
Classification
Concrete logic
Stage 4 Formal operational period:
12 years to adulthood
Abstractions and analogies
Hypothesis testing
"What if..."
What is egocentrism? - answerin Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty
taking another's point of view
What is fetal alcohol syndrome? - answerPhysical and cognitive abnormalities that
appear in children whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol while pregnant.
What are primary sex characteristics? - answerThings that lead directly to reproduction.
The reproductive organs
