SOC 3900 Final Exam 2026/2027–Graded A+
Questions Study Smart with 100% Correct
Answers! Graded A+
Nominal measurement - labels or names (sex, race, city, marital status)
Ordinal measurement - attributes may be logically ranked in order (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
(smallest-largest)
(agree/disagree/neutral)
Interval Measurement - distance between attributes does have meaning, distance between each
attribute have no true zero
(IQ, temperature, GPA)
Ratio Measurement - attributes that composes a variable are based on a true zero point
(age, dollar value, number of arrests, number of degrees)
Ethical Principles - standards of what is right/wrong with regard to important social values and
norms, no harm to participants, voluntary participation, Anonymity, and confidentiality
Anonymity - ensuring that their identity remains anonymous and any information that can be linked
back to them would remain confidential
Confidentiality - a researcher is able to link information with a given person's identity, but promises
not to disclose the info publically
Criteria for Causality - items that must be met before we can say that one variable is the cause
3 key points in criteria for causality - 1. two variables must be empirically correlated- meaning they
must occur together
2. the cause must occur before the effect
3. the empirical correlation between cause and effect is not due to some other factor
Questions Study Smart with 100% Correct
Answers! Graded A+
Nominal measurement - labels or names (sex, race, city, marital status)
Ordinal measurement - attributes may be logically ranked in order (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
(smallest-largest)
(agree/disagree/neutral)
Interval Measurement - distance between attributes does have meaning, distance between each
attribute have no true zero
(IQ, temperature, GPA)
Ratio Measurement - attributes that composes a variable are based on a true zero point
(age, dollar value, number of arrests, number of degrees)
Ethical Principles - standards of what is right/wrong with regard to important social values and
norms, no harm to participants, voluntary participation, Anonymity, and confidentiality
Anonymity - ensuring that their identity remains anonymous and any information that can be linked
back to them would remain confidential
Confidentiality - a researcher is able to link information with a given person's identity, but promises
not to disclose the info publically
Criteria for Causality - items that must be met before we can say that one variable is the cause
3 key points in criteria for causality - 1. two variables must be empirically correlated- meaning they
must occur together
2. the cause must occur before the effect
3. the empirical correlation between cause and effect is not due to some other factor
