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Class notes

BI 108 Unit 1 Notes

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Notes from Unit 1 of BI 108, covers topics on the chemistry of life, all the functional groups, the 4 macromolecules, intro to cell structure and organelles, thermodynamics, and types of transport across the cell membrane.









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Uploaded on
February 6, 2025
File latest updated on
February 6, 2025
Number of pages
11
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Hartmann
Contains
All classes

Content preview

Life
memistry of covalent strong
bond
ionicbond strong
·



all matter is composed of atoms Itbond weak
van derwaals
-electrons protons neutrons, , &
very weak
number of
protons determines the
identity of the element
·



chemical reactions :

changes in the distribution of electrons btwn atoms
·


chemical bond :
attractive forces that links atoms together Element Usual# of bonds
·



molecule Stable association : utams 1
hydrogen
of

covalent bond shared electrons
strong
:
·




,
2
orggen
↳ differences in covalent bonds
carbon 4
-


orientation >
-
3D
geometry can contribute to function
and determine whether or not a
-strength stability differing
-> bond
strengths
reaction occurs
-



degree of sharing electrons -
altering electronegativity
the attractive forces that atomic nucleus exerts of
electronegativity electrons
·


an on
-




another atom electrons orbiting
↳ around nucleus
equally
non polar covalent bond

·




equal sharing of electrons

partially negative

·
x
·



polar covalent bond charge
sharing of

unequal electrons
* between C and H so similar that we consider it equal
electronegativity
,
is

bands highly electronegative pulls away from
ionic atom electrons atem with low
·
:
on


electronegativity
↳ ions
electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons
:




bionic bonds formed
by the electrical attraction of positive and negative ions
:




hydrogen bond attraction btunf end of one molecule with St hydrogen end of another molecule
·

:




↳ individual bonds weak large numbers
collectively strong are ,
are

·



van der waals forces : a short lived weak interaction btwn
,
temporary dipoles of

neighboring atoms

importance of water in
biology
·




①hydrogen bands
②universal solvent
③ ageous solution and pH
it takes lot of bands , liquid water can
energy to break it exist at
temperatures
·


a
verying
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Notes and study guides for science classes, lots of chemistry and biology but hope to expand to take more diverse classes!

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