BIOD210 (Genetics in Human Care) Comprehensive Test Review 2025 (Qns & Ans

BIOD210

Genetics in Human Care

Comprehensive Test Review (Qns & Ans)

2025



1. Which of the following is a key characteristic of oncogenes?
- A) Tumor suppressor function
- B) Induction of cell differentiation
- C) Promotion of cell proliferation
- D) Regulation of apoptosis
- ANS: C) Promotion of cell proliferation
- Rationale: Oncogenes are genes that, when mutated or
overexpressed, promote cell proliferation and contribute to cancer
development.


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,2. What is the primary role of tumor suppressor genes in cellular
processes?
- A) Initiating DNA replication
- B) Inducing cell cycle arrest
- C) Enhancing cell motility
- D) Increasing metabolic activity
- ANS: B) Inducing cell cycle arrest
- Rationale: Tumor suppressor genes help regulate cell
growth and division by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting
DNA repair, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell proliferation.


3. Which genetic alteration is commonly associated with chronic
myeloid leukemia (CML)?
- A) Deletion of chromosome 17p
- B) Fusion of BCR and ABL genes
- C) Amplification of MYC gene
- D) Mutation in TP53 gene
- ANS: B) Fusion of BCR and ABL genes
- Rationale: The fusion of BCR and ABL genes results in the
formation of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which is a hallmark of
chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).



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, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The __________ pathway is a signaling pathway that, when
dysregulated, can lead to cancer development by promoting cell
growth and survival.
- ANS: PI3K/AKT/mTOR
- Rationale: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is involved in
regulating cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation
of this pathway can contribute to cancer development.


5. In cancer genetics, __________ refers to a genetic alteration
that results in a gain-of-function mutation, leading to the
activation of an oncogene.
- ANS: Activating mutation
- Rationale: An activating mutation is a genetic alteration that
results in a gain-of-function mutation, leading to the activation of
an oncogene and promoting cancer development.


6. The __________ gene is a tumor suppressor gene commonly
mutated in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
- ANS: BRCA1
- Rationale: The BRCA1 gene is a tumor suppressor gene
that, when mutated, is associated with an increased risk of
hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.



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, True/False Questions
7. True or False: Mutations in the TP53 gene are the most
common genetic alterations found in human cancers.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Mutations in the TP53 gene, which encodes the
p53 tumor suppressor protein, are the most common genetic
alterations found in human cancers.


8. True or False: Oncogenes are typically dominant mutations
that require only one allele to be altered to contribute to cancer
development.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Oncogenes are typically dominant mutations,
meaning that a single altered allele can contribute to cancer
development by promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation.


9. True or False: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a mechanism
by which tumor suppressor genes can be inactivated in cancer.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a mechanism by
which tumor suppressor genes can be inactivated in cancer,
leading to the loss of normal gene function.


Multiple Response Questions
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