TEST BANK FOR BROCK BIOLOGY OF
MICROORGANISMS 15TH EDITION BY
MICHAEL T. MADIGAN EXAM WITH ACTUAL
NGN QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED WELL
EXPLAINED 100% CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE
2025 WITH 100% GUARANTEED SUCCESS
AFTER DOWNLOAD (ALL YOU NEED TO PASS
YOUR EXAMS)
Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 15e (Madigan et al.)
Chapter 1 The Microbial World
Multiple Choice Questions
You have discovered a new coccoid-shaped microorganism with no nucleus, a rigid cell wall, and a diameter of 2 µm. Chemical tests
reveal that its cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan. The new microorganism is
A) most likely a bacterium.
B) most likely a eukaryote.
C) most likely an archaeon.
D) either a bacterium or an archaeon.
C) most likely an archaeon.
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell walls of
A) gram-positive Bacteria.
, B) gram-negative Bacteria.
C) Archaea.
D) Eukarya.
B) gram-negative Bacteria.
An endotoxin is
A) the toxic portion of the LPS.
B) a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
C) a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
D) a toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
A) the toxic portion of the LPS.
Hydrolytic enzymes function in the
A) initial degradation of nutrients.
B) transport of substrates within the cell.
C) chemotactic response, particularly in gram-negative Bacteria.
D) regeneration of the periplasm.
A) initial degradation of nutrients.
Using phase contrast microscopy on a wet mount of live cells, you observe motile bacilli moving rapidly and randomly through the
field of view, changing directions after a brief tumble and taking off in a different direction. These cells are exhibiting ________
motility.
A) twitching
B) swimming
C) gliding
D) twitching or gliding
B) swimming
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) A flagellar protein subunit is flagellin.
B) In flagellar motion, the basal body acts as a motor.
C) Flagellar rotation generates ATP.
D) The hook is the wider region at the base of the flagellum.
C) Flagellar rotation generates ATP.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Fimbriae are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella.
B) Fimbriae enable cells to stick to surfaces.
C) Pili serve as receptors and facilitate genetic exchange between prokaryotic cells.
D) Fibriae are usually shorter than flagella and enable cells to adhere to surfaces, whereas pili are involved in genetic exchange.
D) Fibriae are usually shorter than flagella and enable cells to adhere to surfaces, whereas pili are involved in genetic exchange.
Cellular inclusions in prokaryotic cells serve to
A) store energy rich compounds.
B) protect DNA.
C) position cells in the appropriate environment for survival.
D) store energy rich compounds and position cells in the appropriate environment for survival.
D) store energy rich compounds and position cells in the appropriate environment for survival.
A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to
A) confer buoyancy on cells by decreasing their density.
B) serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C) keep the cell's organelles separated during flagellar motion.
D) store oxygen for aerobic growth when oxygen becomes depleted in the environment.
A) confer buoyancy on cells by decreasing their density.
, The membrane of a gas vesicle is composed of
A) various phospholipids.
B) proteins.
C) carbohydrates.
D) both glycoproteins and phospholipids.
B) proteins.
An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is ________, while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is ________.
A) spherical / rod shaped
B) rod shaped / coiled
C) spherical / coiled
D) coiled / spherical
C) spherical/coiled
Bacteria with type IV pili
A) possess tubular or stalk-like extensions of their cells.
B) likely exhibit twitching motility.
C) have capsules that promote dehydration.
D) live in aquatic environments.
B) likely exhibit twitching motility.
The terms "run" and "tumble" are generally associated with
A) eukaryotic cells.
B) nutrient transport.
C) chemotaxis.
D) clustering of certain rod-shaped bacteria.
C) chemotaxis.
The morphology of a cell influences its
A) motility.
B) metabolism.
C) surface-to-volume ratio.
D) motility and surface-to-volume ratio.
D) motility and surface-to-volume ratio.
Compared to Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea have ________ surface-to-volume ratios, causing ________ nutrient exchange and
growth rates.
A) lower / lower
B) lower / higher
C) higher / lower
D) higher / higher
D) higher/higher
The cytoplasmic membrane could best be described as
A) an impermeable barrier.
B) a passive conduit for intracellular transport.
C) a highly selective permeability barrier.
D) a rigid structure that protects the cell.
C) a highly selective permeability barrier.
The use of the Gram stain in microbiology is important because it differentiates
A) Bacteria from Archaea.
B) prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells.
C) bacterial cells with different types of cell walls.
D) archaeal cells with different types of metabolism.
, C) bacterial cells with different types of cell walls.
Some archaea have unique phospholipids in their cytoplasmic membrane that
A) form a monolayer due to the presence of diglycerol tetraethers.
B) form a bilayer due to the presence of sterols.
C) form a stable ring structure due to the presence of crenarchaeol.
D) form a bilayer due to the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine.
A) form a monolayer due to the presence of diglycerol tetraethers.
Carrier-mediated transport is necessary when
A) diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell.
B) movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient.
C) the level of nutrients in nature is very low.
D) nutrient concentration is very low in the environment, is higher inside of the cell, or diffusion is not possible.
D) nutrient concentration is very low in the environment, is higher inside of the cell, or diffusion is not possible.
Nutrient transport requires energy because the nutrients must be transported into the cell against a concentration gradient. The
energy required for nutrient transport is supplied by
A) ATP.
B) the proton motive force.
C) phosphoenol pyruvate.
D) ATP, the proton motive force, or phosphoenol pyruvate.
A) ATP.
You have discovered a new microorganism, but you want to know if it is a eukaryote or a prokaryote. To investigate this question
you prepare a slide with a simple stain and view it with a light microscope with a 40X objective lens and 10X ocular lens. You also
prepare a control slide using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a unicellular eukaryote). You can see the cells on your control slide, but you
don't see cells when you look at your unknown microorganism. What can you conclude from this experiment?
A) The experiment failed to visualize the organism because the stain killed it.
B) Your new unknown microorganism is probably a virus.
C) The cells of the new unknown microorganism may be too small to see with the objective and ocular lenses you used.
D) The new unknown microorganism is probably an archaeon.
C) The cells of the new unknown microorganism may be too small to see with the objective and ocular lenses you used.
Bacteria stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of differences in the cell
A) wall.
B) cytoplasm.
C) nucleus.
D) chromosome.
A) wall.
You are given an electron micrograph of a bacterial cell. In the micrograph you can clearly see three thin layers of different densities
surrounding the cell. Based on the micrograph, you can infer that this cell is ________ and would appear ________ after application
of the Gram stain procedure.
A) gram-positive / purple
B) gram-negative / pink
C) gram-positive / pink
D) gram-negative / purple
B) gram-negative / pink
In gram-positive Bacteria, the cell walls are composed mainly of thick ________ layers.
A) protein
B) poly-β-hydroxybutryic acid (PHB)
C) lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
D) peptidoglycan
MICROORGANISMS 15TH EDITION BY
MICHAEL T. MADIGAN EXAM WITH ACTUAL
NGN QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED WELL
EXPLAINED 100% CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE
2025 WITH 100% GUARANTEED SUCCESS
AFTER DOWNLOAD (ALL YOU NEED TO PASS
YOUR EXAMS)
Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 15e (Madigan et al.)
Chapter 1 The Microbial World
Multiple Choice Questions
You have discovered a new coccoid-shaped microorganism with no nucleus, a rigid cell wall, and a diameter of 2 µm. Chemical tests
reveal that its cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan. The new microorganism is
A) most likely a bacterium.
B) most likely a eukaryote.
C) most likely an archaeon.
D) either a bacterium or an archaeon.
C) most likely an archaeon.
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell walls of
A) gram-positive Bacteria.
, B) gram-negative Bacteria.
C) Archaea.
D) Eukarya.
B) gram-negative Bacteria.
An endotoxin is
A) the toxic portion of the LPS.
B) a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
C) a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
D) a toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
A) the toxic portion of the LPS.
Hydrolytic enzymes function in the
A) initial degradation of nutrients.
B) transport of substrates within the cell.
C) chemotactic response, particularly in gram-negative Bacteria.
D) regeneration of the periplasm.
A) initial degradation of nutrients.
Using phase contrast microscopy on a wet mount of live cells, you observe motile bacilli moving rapidly and randomly through the
field of view, changing directions after a brief tumble and taking off in a different direction. These cells are exhibiting ________
motility.
A) twitching
B) swimming
C) gliding
D) twitching or gliding
B) swimming
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) A flagellar protein subunit is flagellin.
B) In flagellar motion, the basal body acts as a motor.
C) Flagellar rotation generates ATP.
D) The hook is the wider region at the base of the flagellum.
C) Flagellar rotation generates ATP.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Fimbriae are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella.
B) Fimbriae enable cells to stick to surfaces.
C) Pili serve as receptors and facilitate genetic exchange between prokaryotic cells.
D) Fibriae are usually shorter than flagella and enable cells to adhere to surfaces, whereas pili are involved in genetic exchange.
D) Fibriae are usually shorter than flagella and enable cells to adhere to surfaces, whereas pili are involved in genetic exchange.
Cellular inclusions in prokaryotic cells serve to
A) store energy rich compounds.
B) protect DNA.
C) position cells in the appropriate environment for survival.
D) store energy rich compounds and position cells in the appropriate environment for survival.
D) store energy rich compounds and position cells in the appropriate environment for survival.
A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to
A) confer buoyancy on cells by decreasing their density.
B) serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C) keep the cell's organelles separated during flagellar motion.
D) store oxygen for aerobic growth when oxygen becomes depleted in the environment.
A) confer buoyancy on cells by decreasing their density.
, The membrane of a gas vesicle is composed of
A) various phospholipids.
B) proteins.
C) carbohydrates.
D) both glycoproteins and phospholipids.
B) proteins.
An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is ________, while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is ________.
A) spherical / rod shaped
B) rod shaped / coiled
C) spherical / coiled
D) coiled / spherical
C) spherical/coiled
Bacteria with type IV pili
A) possess tubular or stalk-like extensions of their cells.
B) likely exhibit twitching motility.
C) have capsules that promote dehydration.
D) live in aquatic environments.
B) likely exhibit twitching motility.
The terms "run" and "tumble" are generally associated with
A) eukaryotic cells.
B) nutrient transport.
C) chemotaxis.
D) clustering of certain rod-shaped bacteria.
C) chemotaxis.
The morphology of a cell influences its
A) motility.
B) metabolism.
C) surface-to-volume ratio.
D) motility and surface-to-volume ratio.
D) motility and surface-to-volume ratio.
Compared to Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea have ________ surface-to-volume ratios, causing ________ nutrient exchange and
growth rates.
A) lower / lower
B) lower / higher
C) higher / lower
D) higher / higher
D) higher/higher
The cytoplasmic membrane could best be described as
A) an impermeable barrier.
B) a passive conduit for intracellular transport.
C) a highly selective permeability barrier.
D) a rigid structure that protects the cell.
C) a highly selective permeability barrier.
The use of the Gram stain in microbiology is important because it differentiates
A) Bacteria from Archaea.
B) prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells.
C) bacterial cells with different types of cell walls.
D) archaeal cells with different types of metabolism.
, C) bacterial cells with different types of cell walls.
Some archaea have unique phospholipids in their cytoplasmic membrane that
A) form a monolayer due to the presence of diglycerol tetraethers.
B) form a bilayer due to the presence of sterols.
C) form a stable ring structure due to the presence of crenarchaeol.
D) form a bilayer due to the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine.
A) form a monolayer due to the presence of diglycerol tetraethers.
Carrier-mediated transport is necessary when
A) diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell.
B) movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient.
C) the level of nutrients in nature is very low.
D) nutrient concentration is very low in the environment, is higher inside of the cell, or diffusion is not possible.
D) nutrient concentration is very low in the environment, is higher inside of the cell, or diffusion is not possible.
Nutrient transport requires energy because the nutrients must be transported into the cell against a concentration gradient. The
energy required for nutrient transport is supplied by
A) ATP.
B) the proton motive force.
C) phosphoenol pyruvate.
D) ATP, the proton motive force, or phosphoenol pyruvate.
A) ATP.
You have discovered a new microorganism, but you want to know if it is a eukaryote or a prokaryote. To investigate this question
you prepare a slide with a simple stain and view it with a light microscope with a 40X objective lens and 10X ocular lens. You also
prepare a control slide using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a unicellular eukaryote). You can see the cells on your control slide, but you
don't see cells when you look at your unknown microorganism. What can you conclude from this experiment?
A) The experiment failed to visualize the organism because the stain killed it.
B) Your new unknown microorganism is probably a virus.
C) The cells of the new unknown microorganism may be too small to see with the objective and ocular lenses you used.
D) The new unknown microorganism is probably an archaeon.
C) The cells of the new unknown microorganism may be too small to see with the objective and ocular lenses you used.
Bacteria stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of differences in the cell
A) wall.
B) cytoplasm.
C) nucleus.
D) chromosome.
A) wall.
You are given an electron micrograph of a bacterial cell. In the micrograph you can clearly see three thin layers of different densities
surrounding the cell. Based on the micrograph, you can infer that this cell is ________ and would appear ________ after application
of the Gram stain procedure.
A) gram-positive / purple
B) gram-negative / pink
C) gram-positive / pink
D) gram-negative / purple
B) gram-negative / pink
In gram-positive Bacteria, the cell walls are composed mainly of thick ________ layers.
A) protein
B) poly-β-hydroxybutryic acid (PHB)
C) lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
D) peptidoglycan
