1. What is the most common location for an atherosclerotic
plaque in the lower extremities?
a) Superficial femoral artery
b) Popliteal artery
c) Anterior tibial artery
d) Posterior tibial artery
Answer: a) Superficial femoral artery
Rationale: The superficial femoral artery is the most common site for
plaque buildup due to its length and the forces acting on it during limb
movement.
2. Which ultrasound parameter is primarily used to measure blood
flow velocity?
a) Gain settings
b) Pulse repetition frequency
c) Doppler shift
d) Wall filter
Answer: c) Doppler shift
Rationale: Doppler shift is the change in frequency that occurs when
sound waves interact with moving blood cells, allowing for velocity
measurement.
3. What waveform pattern is typically seen in a normal peripheral
artery at rest?
a) Triphasic
b) Biphasic
c) Monophasic
d) Continuous
Answer: a) Triphasic
Rationale: A triphasic waveform reflects healthy arterial compliance,
,with forward, reverse, and forward components during the cardiac
cycle.
4. Which vessel is primarily responsible for venous return from
the brain?
a) Subclavian vein
b) Brachiocephalic vein
c) Jugular vein
d) Vertebral vein
Answer: c) Jugular vein
Rationale: The internal jugular vein is the primary pathway for venous
return from the brain.
5. What is the primary diagnostic criterion for >70% stenosis in a
carotid artery?
a) Peak systolic velocity (PSV) >125 cm/s
b) End-diastolic velocity (EDV) >40 cm/s
c) Peak systolic velocity (PSV) >230 cm/s
d) ICA/CCA ratio <2.0
Answer: c) Peak systolic velocity (PSV) >230 cm/s
Rationale: A PSV >230 cm/s is a key criterion for identifying severe
carotid stenosis (>70%).
6. Which condition may result in a tardus-parvus waveform?
a) Proximal stenosis
b) Distal embolism
c) Arteriovenous malformation
d) Aneurysm
Answer: a) Proximal stenosis
, Rationale: Tardus-parvus waveforms occur when blood flow is
dampened due to proximal arterial obstruction.
7. What is the purpose of a reverse Trendelenburg position during
venous duplex imaging?
a) To compress the deep veins
b) To dilate the superficial veins
c) To reduce patient discomfort
d) To improve arterial visualization
Answer: b) To dilate the superficial veins
Rationale: Reverse Trendelenburg promotes venous pooling, which
aids in evaluating venous insufficiency.
8. Which of the following vessels is not typically evaluated during
lower extremity arterial duplex?
a) Superficial femoral artery
b) Common femoral artery
c) Radial artery
d) Popliteal artery
Answer: c) Radial artery
Rationale: The radial artery is located in the upper extremity and not
part of the lower extremity arterial study.
9. Which vein is commonly used for bypass grafting during a
lower extremity arterial bypass?
a) Basilic vein
b) Great saphenous vein
c) Small saphenous vein
d) Cephalic vein
plaque in the lower extremities?
a) Superficial femoral artery
b) Popliteal artery
c) Anterior tibial artery
d) Posterior tibial artery
Answer: a) Superficial femoral artery
Rationale: The superficial femoral artery is the most common site for
plaque buildup due to its length and the forces acting on it during limb
movement.
2. Which ultrasound parameter is primarily used to measure blood
flow velocity?
a) Gain settings
b) Pulse repetition frequency
c) Doppler shift
d) Wall filter
Answer: c) Doppler shift
Rationale: Doppler shift is the change in frequency that occurs when
sound waves interact with moving blood cells, allowing for velocity
measurement.
3. What waveform pattern is typically seen in a normal peripheral
artery at rest?
a) Triphasic
b) Biphasic
c) Monophasic
d) Continuous
Answer: a) Triphasic
Rationale: A triphasic waveform reflects healthy arterial compliance,
,with forward, reverse, and forward components during the cardiac
cycle.
4. Which vessel is primarily responsible for venous return from
the brain?
a) Subclavian vein
b) Brachiocephalic vein
c) Jugular vein
d) Vertebral vein
Answer: c) Jugular vein
Rationale: The internal jugular vein is the primary pathway for venous
return from the brain.
5. What is the primary diagnostic criterion for >70% stenosis in a
carotid artery?
a) Peak systolic velocity (PSV) >125 cm/s
b) End-diastolic velocity (EDV) >40 cm/s
c) Peak systolic velocity (PSV) >230 cm/s
d) ICA/CCA ratio <2.0
Answer: c) Peak systolic velocity (PSV) >230 cm/s
Rationale: A PSV >230 cm/s is a key criterion for identifying severe
carotid stenosis (>70%).
6. Which condition may result in a tardus-parvus waveform?
a) Proximal stenosis
b) Distal embolism
c) Arteriovenous malformation
d) Aneurysm
Answer: a) Proximal stenosis
, Rationale: Tardus-parvus waveforms occur when blood flow is
dampened due to proximal arterial obstruction.
7. What is the purpose of a reverse Trendelenburg position during
venous duplex imaging?
a) To compress the deep veins
b) To dilate the superficial veins
c) To reduce patient discomfort
d) To improve arterial visualization
Answer: b) To dilate the superficial veins
Rationale: Reverse Trendelenburg promotes venous pooling, which
aids in evaluating venous insufficiency.
8. Which of the following vessels is not typically evaluated during
lower extremity arterial duplex?
a) Superficial femoral artery
b) Common femoral artery
c) Radial artery
d) Popliteal artery
Answer: c) Radial artery
Rationale: The radial artery is located in the upper extremity and not
part of the lower extremity arterial study.
9. Which vein is commonly used for bypass grafting during a
lower extremity arterial bypass?
a) Basilic vein
b) Great saphenous vein
c) Small saphenous vein
d) Cephalic vein
