HNF 150 (MSU): Exam 2
Learning Objectives/Terms fully
solved & verified for
accuracy(guaranteed pass)
different structures of proteins - answer 1. primary: link between
amino acids 2. secondary: folding into helices/sheets, backbones
interacting
3. tertiary: 3D folding pattern, side chains interacting
4. quaternary: more than one folded chain associated together
3 components of amino acids - answer -carbon atom
-hydrogen atom
-R-group (side chain)
How many essential amino acids are there? - answer 9, must be
supplied by diet
-all 9 must be present to start protein synthesis
what differentiates one protein from another? - answer 1. sequence
of the proteins: peptide bonds
2. shape/structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
7 roles of protein in the body - answer 1. Supporting growth and
maintenance
2. Building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds
,3. Transport and recognition proteins
4. Building antibodies
5. Maintaining acid base balance
6. Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
7. Energy (and energy storage)
paths an amino acid can take once inside the cell - answer -build
proteins
-make another needed compound
-make another amino acid
-energy
-stored as energy
-convert to fat and burned
protein digestion in the mouth - answer none
protein digestion in stomach - answer -Hydrochloric Acid denatures
proteins
-Converts PEPSINOGEN to PEPSIN
protein digestion in the SI & colon/LI - answer -enzymes from
pancreas split up proteins further & further
-intestinal cells transport amino acids into bloodstream
-bloodstream transports them to all body's cells
, Nitrogen Balance Study - answer comparing how much N one's body
is disposing vs. how much N it is taking in
(urine, sweat, tissues)
purpose of Nitrogen Balance Studies - answer to set protein
requirements
-positive N balance: too much protein protein
-negative N balance: losing muscle & protein, need more
-N equilibrium: neutral amounts
mutual supplementation - answer the process of combining two or
more incomplete protein sources to make a complete protein
examples of vegetarian meals that have other protein sources -
answer legumes, beans, etc.
protein malnutrition diseases - answer 1. Marasmus: SEVERE protein
deprivation, develops slowly, severe weight loss and muscle wasting
2. Kwashiorkor: rapid, some weight loss/muscle loss, enlarged fatty
liver
consuming TOO much protein & amino acids - answer -high
saturated fats
-kidney problems
-low fiber
-promotes calcium loss
Polypeptide - answer A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked
together by peptide bonds
Learning Objectives/Terms fully
solved & verified for
accuracy(guaranteed pass)
different structures of proteins - answer 1. primary: link between
amino acids 2. secondary: folding into helices/sheets, backbones
interacting
3. tertiary: 3D folding pattern, side chains interacting
4. quaternary: more than one folded chain associated together
3 components of amino acids - answer -carbon atom
-hydrogen atom
-R-group (side chain)
How many essential amino acids are there? - answer 9, must be
supplied by diet
-all 9 must be present to start protein synthesis
what differentiates one protein from another? - answer 1. sequence
of the proteins: peptide bonds
2. shape/structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
7 roles of protein in the body - answer 1. Supporting growth and
maintenance
2. Building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds
,3. Transport and recognition proteins
4. Building antibodies
5. Maintaining acid base balance
6. Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
7. Energy (and energy storage)
paths an amino acid can take once inside the cell - answer -build
proteins
-make another needed compound
-make another amino acid
-energy
-stored as energy
-convert to fat and burned
protein digestion in the mouth - answer none
protein digestion in stomach - answer -Hydrochloric Acid denatures
proteins
-Converts PEPSINOGEN to PEPSIN
protein digestion in the SI & colon/LI - answer -enzymes from
pancreas split up proteins further & further
-intestinal cells transport amino acids into bloodstream
-bloodstream transports them to all body's cells
, Nitrogen Balance Study - answer comparing how much N one's body
is disposing vs. how much N it is taking in
(urine, sweat, tissues)
purpose of Nitrogen Balance Studies - answer to set protein
requirements
-positive N balance: too much protein protein
-negative N balance: losing muscle & protein, need more
-N equilibrium: neutral amounts
mutual supplementation - answer the process of combining two or
more incomplete protein sources to make a complete protein
examples of vegetarian meals that have other protein sources -
answer legumes, beans, etc.
protein malnutrition diseases - answer 1. Marasmus: SEVERE protein
deprivation, develops slowly, severe weight loss and muscle wasting
2. Kwashiorkor: rapid, some weight loss/muscle loss, enlarged fatty
liver
consuming TOO much protein & amino acids - answer -high
saturated fats
-kidney problems
-low fiber
-promotes calcium loss
Polypeptide - answer A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked
together by peptide bonds
