Biology 1011 Midterm Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
The three principal structural components of a nucleotide are... - ✔✔a phosphate
group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base
In a strand of DNA, the ______________ of one nucleotide is covalently bonded to the
__________ of the next nucleotide, and the nitrogenous bases are held together by
___________ bonds. - ✔✔phosphate; sugar; hydrogen
Are the nucleotides used in constructing the new strand of DNA previously assembled
and found in the nucleus, or are they assembled at the time of new DNA construction? -
✔✔they are already assembled and ready, in the nucleus
In DNA, ___ always pairs with ___ and C always pairs with __. - ✔✔A, T, G.
In RNA, __ always pairs with __ and C always pairs with __. - ✔✔A, U, G.
The difference between transcription and translation is that transcription is the process
of _____________________________ while translation is the process of
_____________________________. - ✔✔producing the mRNA; the process of using the
mRNA to assemble a sequence of amino acids that form a polypeptide.
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,Nirenberg and Matthaei are famous for ________ - ✔✔identifying the first mRNA triplet
What was the first mRNA triplet discovered? - ✔✔phenylalanine (UUU)
The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _________ which does what? -
✔✔helicase; unwinds the DNA double helix
The action of helicase creates... - ✔✔replication forks and replication bubbles
DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the __ to __ direction - ✔✔5' - 3'
When DNA is being replicated by DNA polymerase, it can only assemble in one
direction. Therefore, the new strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strand must be
assembled in short 5' - 3' segments, which are later joined together by ________. -
✔✔ligase
The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a... - ✔✔RNA primer
complementary to a preexisting DNA strand.
________ acts as a messenger that carries information encoded by ____ to
______________, where __________ are synthesized. - ✔✔mRNA; DNA; ribosomes;
proteins
What is the last event of transcription? - ✔✔When the DNA strand has been
transcribed, the mRNA, DNA, and RNA polymerase all dissociate from one another
and the mRNA exits the nucleus to be translated.
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, Where does RNA polymerase bind to begin transcription? - ✔✔The promoter site
In the process of translation (and thus protein synthesis), the amino acid is carried in the
cytoplasm by the ________ - ✔✔tRNA
The tRNA with the appropriate ________________ carries the amino acid to the mRNA -
✔✔anticodon
What is the relationship between the codon and the anticodon? - ✔✔The codon is a set
of three nucleotides found in the mRNA sequence. The anticodon (tRNA) is the
complement of the codon (mRNA).
The amino acids are attached by the.... - ✔✔ribosomes
When the tRNA releases its _____________, it is released and exits the ____________ to
find another appropriate _______________ in the cytoplasm - ✔✔amino acid; ribosome;
amino acid
The stop codon does not bind to an _____________, so no additional amino acids can be
added to the protein chain, therefore the finished protein is ______________. -
✔✔anticodon; released
Lis the stages of the cell cycle in correct order: - ✔✔interphase, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase
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and Answers 100% Pass
The three principal structural components of a nucleotide are... - ✔✔a phosphate
group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base
In a strand of DNA, the ______________ of one nucleotide is covalently bonded to the
__________ of the next nucleotide, and the nitrogenous bases are held together by
___________ bonds. - ✔✔phosphate; sugar; hydrogen
Are the nucleotides used in constructing the new strand of DNA previously assembled
and found in the nucleus, or are they assembled at the time of new DNA construction? -
✔✔they are already assembled and ready, in the nucleus
In DNA, ___ always pairs with ___ and C always pairs with __. - ✔✔A, T, G.
In RNA, __ always pairs with __ and C always pairs with __. - ✔✔A, U, G.
The difference between transcription and translation is that transcription is the process
of _____________________________ while translation is the process of
_____________________________. - ✔✔producing the mRNA; the process of using the
mRNA to assemble a sequence of amino acids that form a polypeptide.
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,Nirenberg and Matthaei are famous for ________ - ✔✔identifying the first mRNA triplet
What was the first mRNA triplet discovered? - ✔✔phenylalanine (UUU)
The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _________ which does what? -
✔✔helicase; unwinds the DNA double helix
The action of helicase creates... - ✔✔replication forks and replication bubbles
DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the __ to __ direction - ✔✔5' - 3'
When DNA is being replicated by DNA polymerase, it can only assemble in one
direction. Therefore, the new strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strand must be
assembled in short 5' - 3' segments, which are later joined together by ________. -
✔✔ligase
The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a... - ✔✔RNA primer
complementary to a preexisting DNA strand.
________ acts as a messenger that carries information encoded by ____ to
______________, where __________ are synthesized. - ✔✔mRNA; DNA; ribosomes;
proteins
What is the last event of transcription? - ✔✔When the DNA strand has been
transcribed, the mRNA, DNA, and RNA polymerase all dissociate from one another
and the mRNA exits the nucleus to be translated.
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, Where does RNA polymerase bind to begin transcription? - ✔✔The promoter site
In the process of translation (and thus protein synthesis), the amino acid is carried in the
cytoplasm by the ________ - ✔✔tRNA
The tRNA with the appropriate ________________ carries the amino acid to the mRNA -
✔✔anticodon
What is the relationship between the codon and the anticodon? - ✔✔The codon is a set
of three nucleotides found in the mRNA sequence. The anticodon (tRNA) is the
complement of the codon (mRNA).
The amino acids are attached by the.... - ✔✔ribosomes
When the tRNA releases its _____________, it is released and exits the ____________ to
find another appropriate _______________ in the cytoplasm - ✔✔amino acid; ribosome;
amino acid
The stop codon does not bind to an _____________, so no additional amino acids can be
added to the protein chain, therefore the finished protein is ______________. -
✔✔anticodon; released
Lis the stages of the cell cycle in correct order: - ✔✔interphase, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase
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