100% Pass
genetic risk - ✔✔up to 50%; higher in heroin (40-60% overall)
cocaine neurotransmitters - ✔✔primary buildup of dopamine (also serotonin and
norepinephrine); people deficient in serotonin are at risk
nootropics - ✔✔drugs designed to boost cognitive performance
ex: Adderall, Provigil (sleep disorders), amphetamine
cocaine abuse - ✔✔1. experimental use
2. compulsive use
3. dysfunctional use
-arterial constriction & hardening leads to cardiac arrest/stroke
anabolic steroids - ✔✔-engage both opioid and dopamine neurotransmission systems
-just as addictive as caffeine, nicotine, and benzos
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,-withdrawal appears like cocaine (insomnia, headaches, restlessness, poor libido,
dysphoria)
screening & assessment - ✔✔screening: looking to determine if a problem exists
assessment: more thorough for targeted matters of concern
suicide rates - ✔✔IV users: 14x higher
general population: 10x higher
lowest for African American women & highest for American Indian and Alaskan
Native males
Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) - ✔✔67 clinical obvious & subtle
items to detect truth when individuals are unwilling or unable to acknowledge
problem; <15 mins to complete
Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) - ✔✔alcohol screening tests available but no
tools for truth
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) - ✔✔quick & simple
tool to ID substances for at-risk levels for those already experiencing substance use
issues; no tools for truth
Addiction Severity Index (ASI) - ✔✔tool for assessment & tx planning (NOT screening)
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, readiness to change - ✔✔-clients who perceive the need for help w/ the process of
change & when other options are perceived as comparatively less attractive
-NOT always rock bottom; can also be motivated by external pressures
-client and family's level of emotional pain
Chemical Use, Abuse And Dependence (CUAD) Scale - ✔✔used in ax; derives a DSM
dx of substance disorder; brief 5-30 min interview and requires little training. known for
mentally ill pop'ns
Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) - ✔✔ax broad range of psychological problems and
pathology as well as client progress/treatment outcomes. 90 items on a 5-point scale to
be completed in 12-15 minutes and produces an overview of symptoms
Community Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES) - ✔✔measure actual,
preferred, and expected treatment environment or social climate of community
treatment programs by drawing on opinions of clients & staff
Treatment Services Review (TSR) - ✔✔used in conjunction with ASI; ten-minute
structured interview to ax nature and frequency of tx services
CHEAP progress notes - ✔✔Chief complaint
History
Exam
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