Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Public health laws approved by city or county boards must be - ✔✔approved by
referendum
Sensitivity - ✔✔true positive rate; proportion of positives correctly identified as such;
A/A+C
Specificity - ✔✔true negative rate; probability of testing negative if the disease is truly
absent; D/B+D
A confounding variable - ✔✔is associated with exposure; it can strengthen or weaken
Rate data such as the number of events occurring in a specified period of time are often
described by which probability distribution? - ✔✔The Poisson distribution is often used
to describe count data and can be used to describe rate data by including an offset term
for the denominator of the rate.
The number of independent events needed for selecting the appropriate probability
model is specified by the: - ✔✔Probability distributions are based on the number of
independent events. Degrees of freedom (to vary) are used as the specification of the
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, number of events that can vary. If we are predicting a parameter (which is a fixed
value), only the number of events minus 1 can vary and the final event would then have
to be a specific value, it cannot vary and is thus not an independent event.
Enteric pathogens - ✔✔bacteria of the intestines
traditional indicator of microbiological water quality - ✔✔fecal coliform bacteria
Health Impact Assessment - ✔✔a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by
which a policy, program or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health
of a population, and the distribution of those effected within the population
Case fatality - ✔✔proportion of deaths within a designated population of "cases"; # of
deaths/ #of diagnosed within time period
Risk communication - ✔✔building and maintaining trust between spokespeople and
audience is a cornerstone of effective risk communication; two-awy process with active
participants on both sides
Pearson correlation coefficien - ✔✔The Pearson's correlation coefficient is a measure of
association that indicates the degrees to which two variables have a lineal relationship.
The coefficient, r, can vary between -1 and +1. When r = +1, there is a perfect positive
linear relationship in which one variable varies directly with the other. When r = -1,
there is a perfect negative linear relationship between the variables. The measure can be
generalized to quantify the degree of linear relationship between one variable to
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