CPH Exam: Epidemiology Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Epidemiology - ✔✔*the study of the distribution and determinants of health and
disease in populations.
Endemic disease - ✔✔*habitual presence of disease within a given geographic area
Epidemic - ✔✔*Occurrence in a community of a group of illnesses of similar nature in
excess of what would normally be expected. Amount of disease depends on #
susceptible (at risk) and # not susceptible by way of immunization, past disease or
genetics.
Pandemic - ✔✔*worldwide epidemic
Outbreak types: Common source - ✔✔*group of persons exposed to common agent
*point-exposed over a brief period of time
*intermittent-exposed over a long period of time.
Outbreak types: Propagated - ✔✔*spreads gradually from person to person.
Outbreak types: Mixed epidemic - ✔✔*common source and from person to person.
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,Outbreak Investigation Steps - ✔✔1. Define the epidemic
--cases, population at risk, determine attack rate, primary case, secondary case,
secondary attack rate.
2. Look for the time-place interactions of cases, persons
3. Look for combinations of variables
4. Develop hypothesis
5. Recommend control measures
Attack rate - ✔✔*number of people at risk who develop the disease/number of people
at risk
Primary case - ✔✔*the person who gets the disease form the source
Secondary Case - ✔✔*the person who gets the disease from the primary case.
Secondary attack rate - ✔✔*person to person spread
*number of persons who got sick via the primary case/number of persons exposed to
primary case.
Incidence - ✔✔*measure of risk (new cases)
Prevalence - ✔✔*measure of the burden of disease in a community (new and pre-
existing cases)
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, *point prevalence: at a specific point in time
*period prevalence: during a specific period of time.
Morbidity - ✔✔*the occurrence of disease in populations; the number of cases of a
particular disease reported within a particular society and within a particular period of
time.
Mortality - ✔✔*proportion in a population that dies during a specified period.
Case Fatality (CF) or fatality rate - ✔✔*measures the severity of disease.
*it is the ratio of deaths within a designated population of people with a particular
condition, over a certain period of time.
Primary prevention - ✔✔*prevent the disease from occurring (e.g. immunization)
Secondary prevention - ✔✔*modify the severity of the extent of the disease (e.g. better
access to emergency care)
Tertiary prevention - ✔✔*rehabilitation; measures to prevent reoccurrence of disease.
Descriptive epidemiology - ✔✔*describes the health conditions and health-related
characteristics of populations, typically in terms of person, place, and time.
Types of descriptive studies - ✔✔*routine analyses of vital statistics, communicable
disease reports, other notifiable events.
Disclaimer: Original Content, No Copyright Infringement, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Epidemiology - ✔✔*the study of the distribution and determinants of health and
disease in populations.
Endemic disease - ✔✔*habitual presence of disease within a given geographic area
Epidemic - ✔✔*Occurrence in a community of a group of illnesses of similar nature in
excess of what would normally be expected. Amount of disease depends on #
susceptible (at risk) and # not susceptible by way of immunization, past disease or
genetics.
Pandemic - ✔✔*worldwide epidemic
Outbreak types: Common source - ✔✔*group of persons exposed to common agent
*point-exposed over a brief period of time
*intermittent-exposed over a long period of time.
Outbreak types: Propagated - ✔✔*spreads gradually from person to person.
Outbreak types: Mixed epidemic - ✔✔*common source and from person to person.
Disclaimer: Original Content, No Copyright Infringement, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Outbreak Investigation Steps - ✔✔1. Define the epidemic
--cases, population at risk, determine attack rate, primary case, secondary case,
secondary attack rate.
2. Look for the time-place interactions of cases, persons
3. Look for combinations of variables
4. Develop hypothesis
5. Recommend control measures
Attack rate - ✔✔*number of people at risk who develop the disease/number of people
at risk
Primary case - ✔✔*the person who gets the disease form the source
Secondary Case - ✔✔*the person who gets the disease from the primary case.
Secondary attack rate - ✔✔*person to person spread
*number of persons who got sick via the primary case/number of persons exposed to
primary case.
Incidence - ✔✔*measure of risk (new cases)
Prevalence - ✔✔*measure of the burden of disease in a community (new and pre-
existing cases)
Disclaimer: Original Content, No Copyright Infringement, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, *point prevalence: at a specific point in time
*period prevalence: during a specific period of time.
Morbidity - ✔✔*the occurrence of disease in populations; the number of cases of a
particular disease reported within a particular society and within a particular period of
time.
Mortality - ✔✔*proportion in a population that dies during a specified period.
Case Fatality (CF) or fatality rate - ✔✔*measures the severity of disease.
*it is the ratio of deaths within a designated population of people with a particular
condition, over a certain period of time.
Primary prevention - ✔✔*prevent the disease from occurring (e.g. immunization)
Secondary prevention - ✔✔*modify the severity of the extent of the disease (e.g. better
access to emergency care)
Tertiary prevention - ✔✔*rehabilitation; measures to prevent reoccurrence of disease.
Descriptive epidemiology - ✔✔*describes the health conditions and health-related
characteristics of populations, typically in terms of person, place, and time.
Types of descriptive studies - ✔✔*routine analyses of vital statistics, communicable
disease reports, other notifiable events.
Disclaimer: Original Content, No Copyright Infringement, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
