Chapter 01: Introduction to Imaging and Radiologic Sciences
Adler: Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences and Patient Care, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The use of x-rays to create a medical image on patients is referred to as
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging.
ANS: B
Radiography is the making of records of internal structures of the body by passage of x-rays
or gamma rays through the body. These records or images are typically referred to as
radiographs.
REF: p. 4
2. Particular care must be taken when using radiation for medical imaging. This is the result of
radiation’s ability to create __________ in human tissue and possible biochemical changes.
a. ionizations
b. radio waves
c. sound waves
d. thermal changes
ANS: A
Some forms of electromagnetic energy, including x-rays, have the ability to ionize atoms in
matter. These ionizations have the ability to disrupt the composition of matter and are
capable of disrupting life processes. Special protection should be provided to prevent
excessive exposure to ionizing radiation.
REF: p. 3
3. In the diagnosis of patient disease states, physicians can select from an array of medical
diagnostic modalities. A few of these involve the use of ionizing energy to create a medical
image. If a physician is concerned about the use of ionizing radiation, he or she may choose
to order any of the following diagnostic modalities EXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medical sonography.
c. radiography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging.
ANS: C
Radiography involves the use of x-rays for the production of medical images. Medical
procedures such as thermograms, sonograms, and magnetic resonance scans use nonionizing
energy forms and consequently do not produce ionizations in human tissue. They are
regarded as nonionizing modalities for imaging and offer excellent alternatives to physicians
concerned about radiation exposure to patients.
, REF: pp. 3-4 7. A valuable x-ray procedure used to diagnose a myocardial infarction is
a. mammography.
4. The Greek physician Hippocrates is regarded as the father of Western medicine. All of the b. myelography.
following choices represent his medical beliefs EXCEPT the c. arthrography.
a. use of high ethical standards of conduct. d. coronary arteriography.
b. important medical value of sorcery and witchcraft.
c. importance of closely monitoring a patient’s condition and recovery. ANS: D
d. value of diet and exercise and allowing nature to take its course in recovery. Coronary arteriography is an extremely valuable tool in diagnosing atherosclerosis, which
can block the coronary arteries and cause a heart attack (myocardial infarction). By way of a
ANS: B special catheter with a balloon tip, effective treatment of atherosclerosis is possible. This
The Hippocratic Corpus is writings that they emphasize rational and natural explanations for treatment of a blocked blood vessel is termed angioplasty. Angioplasty is used to treat
the treatment of disease and reject sorcery and magic. The Hippocratic oath still governs the patients without having to use invasive open-heart surgery.
ethical conduct of physicians today.
REF: p. 8
REF: p. 5
8. All of the following are true of the diagnostic procedure of mammography EXCEPT
5. Throughout the history of medicine, remarkable achievements have been recorded. These a. it is very valuable for the detection of early breast cancers.
events have led to our current understanding of the human organism and disease. As this b. the procedures may be performed using a general radiographic machine.
research continues, much of it will most likely focus on c. radiographers need to be specially trained in order to perform mammography.
a. proper sanitation and public health. d. radiographers must be certified by the ARRT to qualify for the mammography
b. immunology and the development of vaccines. examination.
c. germ theory and infection.
d. human genes and genetic engineering. ANS: B
Special breast imaging centers have been built to accommodate the demand for
ANS: D mammography procedures. Equipment and supplies, such as a specially designed x-ray tube
Although the Human Genome Project is finished, analyses of the data will continue for and high-resolution digital imaging detectors, are used to create high-quality breast images.
many years. The replacement of faulty genes through gene therapy offers promises of cures Mammography cannot be performed using general x-ray equipment.
for a variety of hereditary diseases, and through genetic engineering, important
pharmaceuticals continue to be developed. Medical research will continue to focus on the REF: p. 8
genetic code in all cells.
9. To study the blood vessels of the brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs, contrast material is
REF: p. 6 administered into these vessels by using
a. catheters.
6. Wilhelm C. Roentgen’s discovery of “the x-ray” is regarded as one of medicine’s most b. stents.
significant achievements. Although his discovery was accidental, his early research was so c. balloons.
thorough that no significant findings have been added to his original theories. This in itself d. none of the above.
is a true tribute to the brilliance of Roentgen as a scientist. One of the most famous early
images he created was an x-ray image of his ANS: A
a. colon. Angiography is the term for radiologic examination of the blood vessels after injection of a
b. laboratory assistant’s foot. contrast medium. Most often, the contrast material is injected through a catheter, which can
c. wife’s hand. be directed to a variety of major arteries or veins for visualization of these structures.
d. kidneys.
REF: p. 8
ANS: C
November 8, 1895, is believed by historians to be the day that Roentgen created the famous 10. Radiologic science continues to be one of the most exciting professions in medicine. An
image of the hand of his wife. Through his investigative methods, Roentgen identified the imaging modality that uses no ionizing radiation and the energy of radio waves and
properties of x-rays. magnetic fields is
a. nuclear imaging.
REF: p. 6 b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
, d. MRI.
REF: pp. 12-13
ANS: D
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves along with 14. The health occupation that deals with the management of patient medical records and
a computer to generate sectional images of patient anatomy. MRI creates no ionizations at medical coding is
current energy levels and is regarded as safe modality, particularly for pediatric and pregnant a. dietetics.
patients. b. osteopathy.
c. health information services.
REF: p. 11 d. medical records therapist.
11. A physician who specializes in the interpretation of medical images is known as a ANS: C
a. radiographer. Health information services involve careers that are responsible for the management of
b. radiologist. health information, such as that contained the patients’ health records. Health information
c. radiologic technologist. technologists are involved in the coding of patient conditions. These codes are used to
d. radiologist assistant. determine the amount of money a facility is reimbursed for providing care to a patient.
ANS: B REF: p. 14
Becoming a radiologist is a long and intensive course of study after high school. After
becoming qualified as a physician, many doctors go on to learn the complex field of 15. All of the following are typical members of the radiology team EXCEPT
radiology and specialize in the interpretation of diagnostic medical images. a. radiology nurse.
b. biomedical engineer.
REF: pp. 12-13 c. radiologic technologist.
d. radiologist.
12. A class of health care workers who specialize in carrying out treatments designed to
improve a patient’s health condition and quality of life and who likely possess a 2- or 4-year ANS: B
degree are known as The health care team includes a wide array of specialists. Radiologic technologists work as
a. technicians. a part of the health care team and interact with many of the other health care members on a
b. therapists. regular basis. These other members are employed in such health services as medicine and
c. technologists. osteopathy; nursing; and the other health careers that encompass many of the diagnostic
d. practitioners. services, therapeutic services, and health information services.
ANS: B REF: pp. 12-14
Therapists specialize in carrying out treatments designed to correct or improve the function
of a particular body part or system. Therapists possess varied levels of educational 16. The medical imaging specialty of _______ uses radiopharmaceuticals and gamma radiation
experiences ranging from 2- to 4-year to graduate college degrees. in the production of medical images for patient diagnosis.
a. radiation oncology
REF: p. 12 b. MRI
c. sonography
13. To become a board-certified radiologist, the traditional course of study would follow what d. nuclear medicine
educational sequence after high school?
a. Residency, baccalaureate degree, medical school ANS: D
b. Residency, medical school, baccalaureate degree The field of nuclear medicine involves procedures that use radioactive materials for
c. Baccalaureate degree, residency, medical school diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Nuclear medicine procedures usually involve the
d. Baccalaureate degree, medical school, residency imaging of a patient’s organs—such as the liver, heart, or brain—after the introduction of a
radioactive material known as a radiopharmaceutical.
ANS: D
After high school students, interested in becoming physicians must complete a 4-year REF: pp. 9-10
premed course of study and then get into a medical school. After medical school, most MDs
and DOs complete additional clinical experience, known as a residency, in an area of 17. The current medical standard for measuring bone health with a high degree of accuracy is
specialization. Residencies are usually 3 or 4 years long. Some radiologists continue on to a. radiographs of the chest.
complete further specialization known as a fellowship.
, b. DEXA studies of the hip and lower spine. a. 2, 4, and 5 only
c. sonography of the heel. b. 1, 3, 4, and 5 only
d. nuclear scans of the bones. c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 1 and 4 only
ANS: B
Bone densitometry (BD) is used to diagnose osteoporosis, a condition that is often ANS: C
recognized in menopausal women but can also occur in men. To detect osteoporosis An RA is an advanced-level radiographer who extends the capacity of the radiologist in the
accurately, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) is used. DEXA BD is the diagnostic imaging environment, thereby enhancing patient care. Individuals need to be
current standard for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). ARRT certified in radiography and meet the educational, ethics, and examination standards
established by the ARRT. Additionally, the radiologist assistant is an ARRT-certified
REF: p. 10 radiographer who has completed an advanced academic program encompassing a nationally
recognized radiologist assistant curriculum and a radiologist-directed clinical preceptorship.
18. Many medical professions have developed “practice standards” to ensure optimum
performance of their members. The radiography “practice standards” are developed and REF: p. 9
maintained by the
a. American Medical Association (AMA).
b. American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT).
c. American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT).
d. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
ANS: B
Clinical practice standards for radiography have been developed by the ASRT. These
practice standards help define the role of the radiographer and establish criteria used to
judge performance.
REF: p. 8
19. The education of radiographers involves the commitment and dedication of many people.
All of the following may be directly involved with and responsible for your education as a
radiographer EXCEPT the
a. program director.
b. clinical coordinator or clinical instructor.
c. medical equipment applications specialist.
d. didactic faculty member.
ANS: C
Applications personnel from various medical imaging companies are not responsible for the
direct teaching of you as a radiographer. They are used to teach users the correct methods
for using their various products. Program directors, clinical instructors, and coordinators
have direct responsibility for teaching the fundamentals and principles of radiography in
preparation for a certification examination.
REF: p. 12
20. To become a qualified radiologist assistant (RA), you
1. must complete a recognized RA educational course of study.
2. must successfully pass the national examination for nursing (NCLEX).
3. need to be certified in radiography by the ARRT.
4. must successfully complete the radiologist assistant examination offered by the ARRT.
5. need to become a member of a local professional group of radiologic technologists.
Adler: Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences and Patient Care, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The use of x-rays to create a medical image on patients is referred to as
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging.
ANS: B
Radiography is the making of records of internal structures of the body by passage of x-rays
or gamma rays through the body. These records or images are typically referred to as
radiographs.
REF: p. 4
2. Particular care must be taken when using radiation for medical imaging. This is the result of
radiation’s ability to create __________ in human tissue and possible biochemical changes.
a. ionizations
b. radio waves
c. sound waves
d. thermal changes
ANS: A
Some forms of electromagnetic energy, including x-rays, have the ability to ionize atoms in
matter. These ionizations have the ability to disrupt the composition of matter and are
capable of disrupting life processes. Special protection should be provided to prevent
excessive exposure to ionizing radiation.
REF: p. 3
3. In the diagnosis of patient disease states, physicians can select from an array of medical
diagnostic modalities. A few of these involve the use of ionizing energy to create a medical
image. If a physician is concerned about the use of ionizing radiation, he or she may choose
to order any of the following diagnostic modalities EXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medical sonography.
c. radiography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging.
ANS: C
Radiography involves the use of x-rays for the production of medical images. Medical
procedures such as thermograms, sonograms, and magnetic resonance scans use nonionizing
energy forms and consequently do not produce ionizations in human tissue. They are
regarded as nonionizing modalities for imaging and offer excellent alternatives to physicians
concerned about radiation exposure to patients.
, REF: pp. 3-4 7. A valuable x-ray procedure used to diagnose a myocardial infarction is
a. mammography.
4. The Greek physician Hippocrates is regarded as the father of Western medicine. All of the b. myelography.
following choices represent his medical beliefs EXCEPT the c. arthrography.
a. use of high ethical standards of conduct. d. coronary arteriography.
b. important medical value of sorcery and witchcraft.
c. importance of closely monitoring a patient’s condition and recovery. ANS: D
d. value of diet and exercise and allowing nature to take its course in recovery. Coronary arteriography is an extremely valuable tool in diagnosing atherosclerosis, which
can block the coronary arteries and cause a heart attack (myocardial infarction). By way of a
ANS: B special catheter with a balloon tip, effective treatment of atherosclerosis is possible. This
The Hippocratic Corpus is writings that they emphasize rational and natural explanations for treatment of a blocked blood vessel is termed angioplasty. Angioplasty is used to treat
the treatment of disease and reject sorcery and magic. The Hippocratic oath still governs the patients without having to use invasive open-heart surgery.
ethical conduct of physicians today.
REF: p. 8
REF: p. 5
8. All of the following are true of the diagnostic procedure of mammography EXCEPT
5. Throughout the history of medicine, remarkable achievements have been recorded. These a. it is very valuable for the detection of early breast cancers.
events have led to our current understanding of the human organism and disease. As this b. the procedures may be performed using a general radiographic machine.
research continues, much of it will most likely focus on c. radiographers need to be specially trained in order to perform mammography.
a. proper sanitation and public health. d. radiographers must be certified by the ARRT to qualify for the mammography
b. immunology and the development of vaccines. examination.
c. germ theory and infection.
d. human genes and genetic engineering. ANS: B
Special breast imaging centers have been built to accommodate the demand for
ANS: D mammography procedures. Equipment and supplies, such as a specially designed x-ray tube
Although the Human Genome Project is finished, analyses of the data will continue for and high-resolution digital imaging detectors, are used to create high-quality breast images.
many years. The replacement of faulty genes through gene therapy offers promises of cures Mammography cannot be performed using general x-ray equipment.
for a variety of hereditary diseases, and through genetic engineering, important
pharmaceuticals continue to be developed. Medical research will continue to focus on the REF: p. 8
genetic code in all cells.
9. To study the blood vessels of the brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs, contrast material is
REF: p. 6 administered into these vessels by using
a. catheters.
6. Wilhelm C. Roentgen’s discovery of “the x-ray” is regarded as one of medicine’s most b. stents.
significant achievements. Although his discovery was accidental, his early research was so c. balloons.
thorough that no significant findings have been added to his original theories. This in itself d. none of the above.
is a true tribute to the brilliance of Roentgen as a scientist. One of the most famous early
images he created was an x-ray image of his ANS: A
a. colon. Angiography is the term for radiologic examination of the blood vessels after injection of a
b. laboratory assistant’s foot. contrast medium. Most often, the contrast material is injected through a catheter, which can
c. wife’s hand. be directed to a variety of major arteries or veins for visualization of these structures.
d. kidneys.
REF: p. 8
ANS: C
November 8, 1895, is believed by historians to be the day that Roentgen created the famous 10. Radiologic science continues to be one of the most exciting professions in medicine. An
image of the hand of his wife. Through his investigative methods, Roentgen identified the imaging modality that uses no ionizing radiation and the energy of radio waves and
properties of x-rays. magnetic fields is
a. nuclear imaging.
REF: p. 6 b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
, d. MRI.
REF: pp. 12-13
ANS: D
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves along with 14. The health occupation that deals with the management of patient medical records and
a computer to generate sectional images of patient anatomy. MRI creates no ionizations at medical coding is
current energy levels and is regarded as safe modality, particularly for pediatric and pregnant a. dietetics.
patients. b. osteopathy.
c. health information services.
REF: p. 11 d. medical records therapist.
11. A physician who specializes in the interpretation of medical images is known as a ANS: C
a. radiographer. Health information services involve careers that are responsible for the management of
b. radiologist. health information, such as that contained the patients’ health records. Health information
c. radiologic technologist. technologists are involved in the coding of patient conditions. These codes are used to
d. radiologist assistant. determine the amount of money a facility is reimbursed for providing care to a patient.
ANS: B REF: p. 14
Becoming a radiologist is a long and intensive course of study after high school. After
becoming qualified as a physician, many doctors go on to learn the complex field of 15. All of the following are typical members of the radiology team EXCEPT
radiology and specialize in the interpretation of diagnostic medical images. a. radiology nurse.
b. biomedical engineer.
REF: pp. 12-13 c. radiologic technologist.
d. radiologist.
12. A class of health care workers who specialize in carrying out treatments designed to
improve a patient’s health condition and quality of life and who likely possess a 2- or 4-year ANS: B
degree are known as The health care team includes a wide array of specialists. Radiologic technologists work as
a. technicians. a part of the health care team and interact with many of the other health care members on a
b. therapists. regular basis. These other members are employed in such health services as medicine and
c. technologists. osteopathy; nursing; and the other health careers that encompass many of the diagnostic
d. practitioners. services, therapeutic services, and health information services.
ANS: B REF: pp. 12-14
Therapists specialize in carrying out treatments designed to correct or improve the function
of a particular body part or system. Therapists possess varied levels of educational 16. The medical imaging specialty of _______ uses radiopharmaceuticals and gamma radiation
experiences ranging from 2- to 4-year to graduate college degrees. in the production of medical images for patient diagnosis.
a. radiation oncology
REF: p. 12 b. MRI
c. sonography
13. To become a board-certified radiologist, the traditional course of study would follow what d. nuclear medicine
educational sequence after high school?
a. Residency, baccalaureate degree, medical school ANS: D
b. Residency, medical school, baccalaureate degree The field of nuclear medicine involves procedures that use radioactive materials for
c. Baccalaureate degree, residency, medical school diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Nuclear medicine procedures usually involve the
d. Baccalaureate degree, medical school, residency imaging of a patient’s organs—such as the liver, heart, or brain—after the introduction of a
radioactive material known as a radiopharmaceutical.
ANS: D
After high school students, interested in becoming physicians must complete a 4-year REF: pp. 9-10
premed course of study and then get into a medical school. After medical school, most MDs
and DOs complete additional clinical experience, known as a residency, in an area of 17. The current medical standard for measuring bone health with a high degree of accuracy is
specialization. Residencies are usually 3 or 4 years long. Some radiologists continue on to a. radiographs of the chest.
complete further specialization known as a fellowship.
, b. DEXA studies of the hip and lower spine. a. 2, 4, and 5 only
c. sonography of the heel. b. 1, 3, 4, and 5 only
d. nuclear scans of the bones. c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 1 and 4 only
ANS: B
Bone densitometry (BD) is used to diagnose osteoporosis, a condition that is often ANS: C
recognized in menopausal women but can also occur in men. To detect osteoporosis An RA is an advanced-level radiographer who extends the capacity of the radiologist in the
accurately, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) is used. DEXA BD is the diagnostic imaging environment, thereby enhancing patient care. Individuals need to be
current standard for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). ARRT certified in radiography and meet the educational, ethics, and examination standards
established by the ARRT. Additionally, the radiologist assistant is an ARRT-certified
REF: p. 10 radiographer who has completed an advanced academic program encompassing a nationally
recognized radiologist assistant curriculum and a radiologist-directed clinical preceptorship.
18. Many medical professions have developed “practice standards” to ensure optimum
performance of their members. The radiography “practice standards” are developed and REF: p. 9
maintained by the
a. American Medical Association (AMA).
b. American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT).
c. American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT).
d. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
ANS: B
Clinical practice standards for radiography have been developed by the ASRT. These
practice standards help define the role of the radiographer and establish criteria used to
judge performance.
REF: p. 8
19. The education of radiographers involves the commitment and dedication of many people.
All of the following may be directly involved with and responsible for your education as a
radiographer EXCEPT the
a. program director.
b. clinical coordinator or clinical instructor.
c. medical equipment applications specialist.
d. didactic faculty member.
ANS: C
Applications personnel from various medical imaging companies are not responsible for the
direct teaching of you as a radiographer. They are used to teach users the correct methods
for using their various products. Program directors, clinical instructors, and coordinators
have direct responsibility for teaching the fundamentals and principles of radiography in
preparation for a certification examination.
REF: p. 12
20. To become a qualified radiologist assistant (RA), you
1. must complete a recognized RA educational course of study.
2. must successfully pass the national examination for nursing (NCLEX).
3. need to be certified in radiography by the ARRT.
4. must successfully complete the radiologist assistant examination offered by the ARRT.
5. need to become a member of a local professional group of radiologic technologists.
