Week 5: NR546 / NR 546 (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Advanced Pharmacology Psychopharmacology for the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner | Questions with Verified Answers – Chamberlain.

Week 5: NR546 / NR 546 (Latest Update )
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Advanced Pharmacology Psychopharmacology for the i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner | i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




Questions with Verified Answers – Chamberlain. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




Bipolar disorder (BD)i,- Chronic condition characterized by i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to function
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-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include
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mixed mood or psychotic features
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-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their
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lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability
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or may cycle rapidly
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-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or
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hypomania with a history of one or more major depressive
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episodes
-high risk for suicide
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mania characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or
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irritable mood. Related symptoms may include inflated self-
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esteem, increased goal-directed activity or energy, including
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grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness,
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racing thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor
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agitation, and a propensity to be involved in high-risk activities.
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,Mania leads to significant functional impairment and may include
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psychotic features or necessitate hospitalization i,- i,- i,- i,-




Bipolar Type I: requires at least one episode of mania for at
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least one week (or any duration if hospitalization due to
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symptoms is required) i,- i,-




Bipolar Type II: diagnosis requires a current or past
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hypomanic episode and a current or past major depressive i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but fewer than seven.
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-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



to cause significant functional impairment, psychosis, or
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hospitalization. i,-




-Anger and irritability are common.
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-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to
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report these symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to
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diagnose if the client presents in the depression phase.
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Cyclothymia: involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



and depressive symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria
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for a major depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
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,If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD:
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therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling
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bipolar depression i,-




-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in
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children and adults younger than 25
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Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



disorder and never as ________________.
i,- monotherapy i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,-




-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



prevent the onset of a hypomanic or manic episode
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DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
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Decreased positive affect: i,- i,-




depressed mood i,-




loss of joy
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lack of interest
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loss of energy
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decreased alertness i,-




decreased self-confidence i,-




appetite changes i,-




5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
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Increased negative affect: i,- i,-

, depressed mood i,-




guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes
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Pharmacologic Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
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Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) i,- i,- i,-




Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
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Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)
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Miscellaneous antidepressants i,-




Monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitors
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Adjunct: antipsychotics
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Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorderi,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics
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