Biochemistry Test 1
biochemistry - Answer- a discipline in biochemistry; is the description of molecules in
biology/chemistry of proteins
molecular biology - Answer- a discipline in biochemistry; the manipulation of DNA, genetics
cell biology - Answer- a discipline in biochemistry; larger scale, functions and mechanisms within a
cell/cell energetics
cellulose - Answer- a natural polymer; found in plants for storage
glycogen - Answer- a natural polymer; found in animals for storage
protein - Answer- a natural polymer; tightly linked bonds
nucleotide - Answer- a natural polymer; covalent bonds
C,H,N,O,S - Answer- chemical elements commonly found in biochemistry
carbon - Answer- an element commonly found in biochemistry, creates strong single or double
bonds with very little rotation
covalent - Answer- a chemical bond in biology; a pair of shared electrons, very strong, bonds
between polymers, >1 bond per atom, flexible and alternate re-arrangement
non-covalent - Answer- a chemical bond in biology; weaker bonds, but additive, creates specificity,
highly dynamic/transient bonds, required for molecular recognition
electrostatic, hydrogen, van der waals, hydrophobic - Answer- 4 types of non-covalent interactions
electrostatic - Answer- a non-covalent interaction; such as ionic bonds Na⁺ + Cl⁻ -> NaCl
hydrogen - Answer- a non-covalent interaction; a H is shared between two electronegative atoms
such as F,O, or N; the more electronegative atom pulls the electron closer, creating a dipole
donor acceptor - Answer- the H bond _____ becomes more tightly linked, the H
bond_____becomes less tightly linked (two answers separated by a space please)
Van Der Waals - Answer- a non-covalent interaction; the interaction between molecules with
temporary dipoles from fluctuating electrons, are weak but additive
hydrophobic interaction - Answer- a non-covalent interaction; the clustering of these molecules in
polar substances i.e. water interacts with itself and causes other non-polar residues to cluster
biological solvent - Answer- roles of water; many organic and biological materials are able to
dissolve in water
, part of reaction - Answer- roles of water; water is a common substance in biochemical reactions
such as the cleavage of bonds
regulation - Answer- roles of water; water is essential in regulating temperature and pH (the ideal
temperature of water with the highest heat capacity is 37°C)
water - Answer- a substance found in nearly all biological reactions and organisms; has a bond
angle between H's of 104.5°, has a dipole, H-bonds with itself, cohesive and dissolves polar or
charged compounds
hydrophilic - Answer- water as a solvent; types of bonding in water "loving" compounds are dipole-
dipole, H-bonding, and dipole-ion
hydrophobic aliphatic - Answer- water as a solvent; types of bonds formed with water "fearing"
compounds are called______. Non-polar/apolar compounds that usually fall in this category are
long chained molecules composed of C and H called______molecules (two answers separated by
a space please)
amphiphilic - Answer- water as a solvent; water "loving and fearing" compounds that contain both
polar and non polar regions
micelle - Answer- a conformation formed by amphiphilic substances in water that usually serve to
sequester different regions in the cell
55.5 - Answer- the concentration of water (molar)
pH - Answer- the power of hydrogen (acidity) of a solution, = -log[H⁺]
acid - Answer- relating to pH; a substance that releases a proton
base - Answer- relating to pH; a substance that accepts a proton
Ka - Answer- relating to pH; = ([H⁺][A⁻])/[HA]
pKa - Answer- relating to pH; = -log[Ka]
monoprotic - Answer- an acid is said to be this if it is capable of releasing 1 H⁺ ion
inflection point - Answer- the point on a titration curve that is ½ the way to neutralization, where
pH=pKa
polyprotic - Answer- an acid is said to be this if it is capable of releasing more than 1 H⁺ ion
HH equation - Answer- the name of the following equation(remember equation too):
pH=pKa+log([base]/[acid])
buffer - Answer- a substance that significantly (to ±1 pH unit) can control molecular structure and
activity
acetate and citrate - Answer- two natural buffers
biochemistry - Answer- a discipline in biochemistry; is the description of molecules in
biology/chemistry of proteins
molecular biology - Answer- a discipline in biochemistry; the manipulation of DNA, genetics
cell biology - Answer- a discipline in biochemistry; larger scale, functions and mechanisms within a
cell/cell energetics
cellulose - Answer- a natural polymer; found in plants for storage
glycogen - Answer- a natural polymer; found in animals for storage
protein - Answer- a natural polymer; tightly linked bonds
nucleotide - Answer- a natural polymer; covalent bonds
C,H,N,O,S - Answer- chemical elements commonly found in biochemistry
carbon - Answer- an element commonly found in biochemistry, creates strong single or double
bonds with very little rotation
covalent - Answer- a chemical bond in biology; a pair of shared electrons, very strong, bonds
between polymers, >1 bond per atom, flexible and alternate re-arrangement
non-covalent - Answer- a chemical bond in biology; weaker bonds, but additive, creates specificity,
highly dynamic/transient bonds, required for molecular recognition
electrostatic, hydrogen, van der waals, hydrophobic - Answer- 4 types of non-covalent interactions
electrostatic - Answer- a non-covalent interaction; such as ionic bonds Na⁺ + Cl⁻ -> NaCl
hydrogen - Answer- a non-covalent interaction; a H is shared between two electronegative atoms
such as F,O, or N; the more electronegative atom pulls the electron closer, creating a dipole
donor acceptor - Answer- the H bond _____ becomes more tightly linked, the H
bond_____becomes less tightly linked (two answers separated by a space please)
Van Der Waals - Answer- a non-covalent interaction; the interaction between molecules with
temporary dipoles from fluctuating electrons, are weak but additive
hydrophobic interaction - Answer- a non-covalent interaction; the clustering of these molecules in
polar substances i.e. water interacts with itself and causes other non-polar residues to cluster
biological solvent - Answer- roles of water; many organic and biological materials are able to
dissolve in water
, part of reaction - Answer- roles of water; water is a common substance in biochemical reactions
such as the cleavage of bonds
regulation - Answer- roles of water; water is essential in regulating temperature and pH (the ideal
temperature of water with the highest heat capacity is 37°C)
water - Answer- a substance found in nearly all biological reactions and organisms; has a bond
angle between H's of 104.5°, has a dipole, H-bonds with itself, cohesive and dissolves polar or
charged compounds
hydrophilic - Answer- water as a solvent; types of bonding in water "loving" compounds are dipole-
dipole, H-bonding, and dipole-ion
hydrophobic aliphatic - Answer- water as a solvent; types of bonds formed with water "fearing"
compounds are called______. Non-polar/apolar compounds that usually fall in this category are
long chained molecules composed of C and H called______molecules (two answers separated by
a space please)
amphiphilic - Answer- water as a solvent; water "loving and fearing" compounds that contain both
polar and non polar regions
micelle - Answer- a conformation formed by amphiphilic substances in water that usually serve to
sequester different regions in the cell
55.5 - Answer- the concentration of water (molar)
pH - Answer- the power of hydrogen (acidity) of a solution, = -log[H⁺]
acid - Answer- relating to pH; a substance that releases a proton
base - Answer- relating to pH; a substance that accepts a proton
Ka - Answer- relating to pH; = ([H⁺][A⁻])/[HA]
pKa - Answer- relating to pH; = -log[Ka]
monoprotic - Answer- an acid is said to be this if it is capable of releasing 1 H⁺ ion
inflection point - Answer- the point on a titration curve that is ½ the way to neutralization, where
pH=pKa
polyprotic - Answer- an acid is said to be this if it is capable of releasing more than 1 H⁺ ion
HH equation - Answer- the name of the following equation(remember equation too):
pH=pKa+log([base]/[acid])
buffer - Answer- a substance that significantly (to ±1 pH unit) can control molecular structure and
activity
acetate and citrate - Answer- two natural buffers
